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Advanced English Skills

Language Log
"We Await Silent Tristero's Empire"

Abbie VanSickle and Philip Kaleta, "Conservative German Princess Says She Hosted Justice Alito at Her Castle", NYT 9/9/2024: http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/myl/vonThurnUndTaxis.webp An eccentric German princess who evolved from a 1980s punk style icon to a conservative Catholic known for hobnobbing with far-right figures said on Monday that she hosted Justice Samuel A. Alito Jr. and his wife at her castle during a July 2023 music festival.

Princess Gloria von Thurn und Taxis also told The New York Times that she viewed the justice as “a hero.”
As explained in one of the comments, the article puts "Princess" in the wrong place in her name, and arguably should not translate it, any more than the "von" should be translated as "from":

While the titles of Fürst (prince), Herzog (duke), Graf (count), Freiherr (baron) etc. do not give you any privileges and are not used ahead of the first name (as in e.g. "Prince Charles of so-and-so" or "Countess Lisl von Schlaf"), the former title has become part of the family/last name. So her official name is Gloria Fürstin (princess) von Thurn und Taxis. That doesn't mean one has to address her as "Fürstin", but it is part of her name. http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/myl/MutedPosthorn.png I was a bit surprised that none of the comments (nor any of the other mass-media stories) mention the central role of the Thurn-und-Taxis postal monopoly in Thomas Pynchon's The Crying of Lot 49, or that book's anticipatory echoes of today's political paranoia. As Wikipedia explains:

The shortest of Pynchon's novels, the plot follows Oedipa Maas, a young Californian woman who begins to embrace a conspiracy theory as she possibly unearths a centuries-old feud between two mail distribution companies. […]

In the mid-1960s, Oedipa Maas lives a fairly comfortable life in a northern Californian village, despite her lackluster marriage with Mucho Maas, a rudderless radio jockey and ephebophile, and her sessions with Dr. Hilarius, an unhinged German psychotherapist who tries to medicate his patients with LSD. One day, Oedipa learns of the death of an ex-lover, Pierce Inverarity, an incredibly wealthy and powerful real-estate mogul from the Los Angeles area, who has left her as the executor of his estate. Oedipa goes to meet Inverarity's lawyer, a former child actor named Metzger, and they begin an affair, which fascinates a local teenage rock band, the Paranoids, who begin following them voyeuristically. At a bar, Oedipa notices the graffiti symbol of a muted post horn with the label "W.A.S.T.E." and she chats with Mike Fallopian, a right-wing historian and critic of the postal system, who claims to use a secret postal service.

It emerges that Inverarity had Mafia connections, illicitly attempting to sell the bones of forgotten U.S. World War II soldiers for use as charcoal to a cigarette company. One of the Paranoids' friends mentions that this strongly reminds her of a Jacobean revenge play she recently saw called The Courier's Tragedy. Intrigued by the coincidence, Oedipa and Metzger attend a performance of the play, which briefly mentions the name "Tristero". After the show, Oedipa approaches the play's director and star, Randolph Driblette, who deflects her questions about the mention of the unusual name. After seeing a man scribbling the post horn symbol, Oedipa reconnects with Mike Fallopian, who tells her he suspects a conspiracy. This is supported when watermarks of the muted horn symbol are discovered hidden on Inverarity's private stamp collection. The symbol appears to be a muted variant of the coat of arms of Thurn and Taxis, an 18th-century European postal monopoly that suppressed all opposition, including Trystero (or Tristero), a competing postal service that was defeated but possibly driven underground. Based on the symbolism of the mute, [...]

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Advanced English Skills

Phrasal Verb of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
owe to (1)

If you owe something to someone, you feel that you only have it because of the person's help or support.

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Advanced English Skills

Word of the Day
laic

Definition: (adjective) Of or relating to the laity.
Synonyms: lay, secular.
Usage: He was a laic leader, but many of his followers believed him to be a prophet.
Discuss

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Funny Or Die (Youtube)
Points were made #StonedDebate #Politics #Debate #2024Election


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Funny Or Die (Youtube)
Pennsylvania State Representative Malcolm Kenyatta Does Not Approve of Outside Clothes On The Bed


Malcolm Kenyatta, the first LGBTQ+ person of color to be elected to General Assembly in Pennsylvania, chats with us about indefensible topics, no brainers, and how to be better at the 2024 Democratic National Convention.

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Advanced English Skills

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Advanced English Skills

Learn English Through Football
Learn English Through Football Podcast: 2026 World Cup Qualifiers (September 2024)

In this football language podcast we look at some language from the recent 2026 World Cup qualifiers from both the South American and Asian regions.

The post Learn English Through Football Podcast: 2026 World Cup Qualifiers (September 2024) appeared first on Learn English Through Football.

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Advanced English Skills

Slang of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
dis | diss

to show disrespect to someone by saying or doing something insulting

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Advanced English Skills

Idiom of the Day
a licence to print money

An activity, business model, or company that yields very high profits but requires little or no effort to do so. Primarily heard in UK, Australia. Watch the video

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Advanced English Skills

Word of the Day
lore

Definition: (noun) Accumulated facts, traditions, or beliefs about a particular subject.
Synonyms: traditional knowledge.
Usage: He had taught the children something of the forest lore that he had himself learned from Tiger Lily and Tinker Bell, and knew that in their dire hour they were not likely to forget it.
Discuss

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Advanced English Skills

Funny Or Die (Youtube)
masterclass on debate decorum #2024Election #HarrisTrumpDebate #WillFerrell #zachgalifianakis


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Word of the Day
Word of the Day: consternation

This word has appeared in 149 articles on NYTimes.com in the past year. Can you use it in a sentence?

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Advanced English Skills

Phrasal Verb of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
muck up

If you muck something up, you do it badly and fail to achieve your goal.

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Advanced English Skills

Funny Or Die (Youtube)
He's just your average John #VMAs2024 #WritersRoom @johnmayer


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Advanced English Skills

Funny Or Die (Youtube)
He has concepts of a guy #2024Election #TrumpImpression


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Advanced English Skills

Slang of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
bugger up

to ruin, spoil, mess up

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Advanced English Skills

Idiom of the Day
live the life of Riley

To lead a life of great ease, comfort, or luxury. The phrase is likely of early 20th-century Irish-American origin, but to whom Riley refers is uncertain. Watch the video

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Advanced English Skills

Language Log
French Horn Church

Mark Swofford stumbled upon this church in Taipei:

http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/~bgzimmer/frenchhorn.jpg

The Chinese part of the sign reads:

fàguó hào língliáng táng

法國號靈糧堂

"French Horn Hall of Spiritual Food"

This may be a branch of Táiběi língliáng táng 台北靈糧堂, which calls itself "Bread of Life Christian Church in Taipei" and has a history that goes back to 1948-1958 in Shanghai.  Another translation of "língliáng 靈糧" is "manna".

The next time I'm in Taipei I will go visit this church because the French horn has special meaning for me.  I played it from the time I was in high school, including professionally in the Canton Orchestra and various bands.  I even trekked it up into the mountains of Nepal where I was a Peace Corps volunteer for two years and people from valleys far away could hear me playing it.

The French horn is notorious for being the most difficult instrument to play since it is prone to burble (I think that's because of the tight, twisted acoustics of all that tubing), but I love the rich, smooth sound it produces when you control your embouchure perfectly.  That takes a lot of practice, but when I was good at it, I could play melodies with my lips alone.  I am grateful to my high school band director, Donald M. Kennedy, for guiding me to the French horn and helping get one of my own when I was a freshman.

By the way, you're no longer supposed to call the brass instrument under discussion a "French horn".  It's supposed to be just a "horn".  I don't know who decided that and why, but it's now the politically correct thing to do.  It doesn't make sense to me, because there are so many other kinds of horns out there.  Much as I am partial to it, why should this one alone be the horn?  I still call it a French horn, but if someone made a good case (historical, musicological, or otherwise) for calling it a "German horn", I'd be open to such a proposal.

Selected readings

* "Les Baguettes à Pékin" (7/2/12)
* "Names and Systems of Naming" (4/18/08)

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Funny Or Die (Youtube)
Malcolm is out-bratting himself #CreatorsforKamala #DNC2024 #BratSummer


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Language Log
Is there a finite number of pronunciations for anything?

Below is a guest post by Corey Miller.

Azi Paybarah of the Washington Post quoted Trump as follows:

“There’s about 19 different ways of pronouncing it, right,” Trump said falsely, during a speech in Michigan on Thursday. “But Kamala is, at least it’s a name you sort of remember.”

The most interesting part of this to me is the assertion that it was a false claim. I suppose the intuition is that there are two common ways to stress Kamala, either initially/antepenultimately or medially/penultimately, so that Trump's "nineteen" is clearly hyperbolic.
What do we mean when we speak of a number of pronunciations for a word? One interpretation might be “how many ways can we represent the pronunciation of a word, as spoken by a fluent speaker interpreting the phonemes of a relevant variety of the language in question?”. Under this interpretation, three American English pronunciations of Kamala come to mind:

1. ˈkɑmələ
2. ˈkæmələ
3. kəˈmɑlə

Pronunciation 1 seems to be how the Vice President pronounces her own name and the preference of a majority of younger speakers at the Democratic National Convention. Pronunciation 2 is one I hadn’t considered, but noticed it was very popular among older speakers at the DNC; it seems to be on analogy with Pamela, which to my knowledge has only 1 pronunciation under the definition above. I assume Pronunciation 2 wouldn’t be considered an affront in the way Pronunciation 3 is, but this could be investigated further. As a final note on Prounciation 2, it is related to an interesting phenomenon I first read about in an article by Geoff Lindsey and that was further developed in my classmate Charles Boberg’s dissertation and discussed more recently by him here.

Pronunciation 3 seems to be the preferred pronunciation used by those seeking to needle the Vice President, but it seems like it can be used “innocently enough” given the predilection for penultimate stress in such words as suggested by the English Stress Rule as formulated in Liberman & Prince and elsewhere. For example, Malala (Yousufzai) seems to be a name that we hear uniquely with something like Pronunciation 3.

There is another pronunciation noted occasionally in the press for Kamala that is more “native” to the Sanskrit origins of the name, meaning “lotus flower”. Using standard American English phonemes and their IPA labels, this might be something like Pronunciation 4:

4. ˈkʌmələ

The first syllable could just as easily have been transcribed with a stressed schwa by those who admit such things. [ɐ] is used in the Sanskrit etymon for all vowels in the word in Wiktionary. This phenomenon of the “Indic short a” is also encountered in words like pundit and Punjab which are sometimes written as pandit and Panjab.

So, are there only four pronunciations? There are certainly other possibilities using IPA interpretations for various varieties of English, American and otherwise. The letter 'a' can also of course be pronounced as [ej], but perhaps using such a pronunciation in Kamala would be considered particularly outrageous. But maybe it could occur in the speech of someone less familiar with English, or someone learning to read?

Of course,  there are indefinitely many pronunciations, if we consider "pronunciations" as the articulatory and acoustic signals implementing a word, rather than IPA-ish symbols. But I assume the lay view of what it means to be a pronunciation is more along the lines of the IPA alternatives I gave above, and this is reflected in a long line of pronunciation dictionaries like Kenyon & Knott or indeed the curious symbols used in American dictionaries.

In summary, I think Mr. Paybarah was right to call Mr. Trump’s claim of 19 pronunciations false; but I think it could be litigated…

Above is a guest post by Corey Miller.

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Advanced English Skills

Language Log
"Bone Apple Tea"

The "ABOUT COMMUNITY" description from r/BoneAppleTea:

http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/myl/BoneAppleTea.png
There's also r/BoneAppleTypo, and the #boneappletea Discord channel.

[h/t M.O.S.T.]

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Advanced English Skills

Word of the Day
Word of the Day: circumvent

This word has appeared in 169 articles on NYTimes.com in the past year. Can you use it in a sentence?

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Advanced English Skills

Phrasal Verb of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
let out (1)

to allow somebody or something to leave a place

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Advanced English Skills

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Funny Or Die (Youtube)
Still no luck on chord M #vmas2024 @johnmayer


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Learn English Through Football
Newspaper Headline: Snakes bite

In this football language post we explain the newspaper headline, 'Snakes bite' from the Guardian newspaper about England's win over Ireland in the Nations League.

The post Newspaper Headline: Snakes bite appeared first on Learn English Through Football.

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Advanced English Skills

Slang of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
on the level

honest, truthful

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Idiom of the Day
letters after (one's) name

A series of abbreviations indicating the various levels of higher education or military honors one has received, thereby denoting a presumed level of intelligence, wisdom, or respectability. Watch the video

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Advanced English Skills

Word of the Day
cocksure

Definition: (adjective) Marked by excessive confidence.
Synonyms: overconfident, positive.
Usage: He was arrogant and cocksure but also sensitive and understanding, and I loved him dearly.
Discuss

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Advanced English Skills

Language Log
Quantifying the debate

Following up on "Type-token plots in The Economist" (9/6/2024), I lost some sleep last night doing some analyses of the presidential debate, which I shared with writers at The Economist to be published as "An alternative look at the Trump-Harris debate, in five charts",  9/11/2024. They lead with a type-token graph:

http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/myl/Economist2024DebateTypeToken.png
One of their other "charts" is a table of each candidates most-used words. In some cases the explanation is obvious, like Harris using "former" 15 times while Trump uses it only once. But sometimes the difference may seem puzzling, like the fact  that Trump used the word "they" 230 times, while Harris used it only 10 times. Why?

Scanning the contexts of use helps make the political content clear. Many of Trump's "they" referents are of two kinds, exemplified already in his opening turn — 5 references to the Biden administration, and 8 references to immigrants:

In fact, they never took the tariff off because it was so much money. They can't it would totally destroy everything that they've set out to do. They're taking in billions of dollars from China and other places they've left the tariffs on.

On top of that, we have millions of people pouring into our country from prisons and jails, from mental institutions and insane asylums. And they're coming in and they're taking jobs that are occupied right now by African-Americans and Hispanics. And also unions. Unions are going to be affected very soon. And you see what's happening. You see what's happening with towns throughout the United States. You look at Springfield, Ohio, you look at Aurora in Colorado, they are taking over the towns, They're taking over buildings. They're going in violently. These are the people that she and Biden let into our country. And they're destroying our country. They're dangerous. They're at the highest level of criminality.

More later…

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