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مدرس زبان انگلیسی کارشناس ارشد دانشگاه بینالملل امام خمینی با ده سال سابقه تدریس مدرس کانون زبان ایران آیدی برای هماهنگی کلاس انلاین و حضوری: @English_Alikhani
Frills
No-frills
📚extra things that are added to something to make it more pleasant or more attractive, but that are not necessary
1. A comfortable apartment with no-frills
▪️یک واحد مسکونی ساده و راحت( فقط نیازهای اساسی را برآورده میکند)
2. It's a no-frills shop supplying only basic goods at affordable prices.
▪️این یک فروشگاه ساده است که فقط کالاهای اساسی را با قیمتهای مناسب عرضه میکند.
No frills
📚Void of extraneous details or embellishments; not fancy, decorous, or elaborate; simple.
1. It's a real no frills kind of place, so we can get dinner someplace nicer, if you want.
▪️ این مکان واقعاً ساده و بدون زرق و برق است، پس اگر بخواهی میتوانیم برای شام به جایی شیکتر برویم
2. My history teacher is not someone who gets impressed by a beautiful cover page, so I made sure that my project was straightforward and no frills.
▪️معلم تاریخ من تحت تأثیر ظاهر زیبا قرار نمیگیرد، به همین خاطر پروژهام را به صورت مستقیم و بدون تجمل ارائه دادم.
Not so much sth as sth
📚If you say that
something is not so much one thing as something else
این ساختار زمانی استفاده میشود که بخواهیم یک ایده را دقیقتر کنیم و بگوییم دلیل اصلی چیزی، بیشتر B است تا A.
Rule of thumb
📚a method of doing something that is based on experience and common sense rather than exact calculation
1. In a cooking context:
“When baking, a rule of thumb is to preheat the oven before starting the recipe.”
2. Talking about general habits:
“As a rule of thumb, I check the weather before planning any outdoor activities.”
3. In a work setting:
“A good rule of thumb in business is to always under-promise and over-deliver.”
4. If you are struggling with the software, a good rule of thumb is to restart the computer.
5. The rule of thumb states that a 20-minute power nap can boost productivity.
Hamper vs Hinder vs Impede vs Obstruct -
Hamper
📚to make it difficult for sb to do sth
1. An attempt to rescue the men has been hampered by bad weather.
2. Construction is hampering traffic on the highway.
Hinder
📚to make (sth, such as a task or action) slow or difficult
1. His career has been hindered by injury
2. The witness refused to cooperate, hindering the investigation.
3. The country's economic growth is being hindered by the sanctions.
Impede
📚to slow the movement, progress, or action of (sb or sth)
1. The soldiers could not impede the enemy's advance.
2. The bad weather seriously impeded our progress.
Obstruct
📚to slow or block the movement, progress, or action of (sth or sb)
1. She was charged with obstructing justice by lying to investigators.
2. Several issues have obstructed [=hindered, impeded] efforts to bring peace to the region.
3. Fears that the regime would obstruct the distribution of food.
Having said that
📚used for adding an opinion that seems to be the opposite of what you have just said, although you think both are true
1. He forgets most things, but having said that, he always remembers my birthday.
▪️او بیشتر چیزها را فراموش میکند، اما با این حال، همیشه تولدم را به خاطر میسپارد.
2. What's she like to work with?"
"She's great, but having said that, she does lose her temper sometimes.
▪️کار کردن با او عالی است، اما با این حال، گاهی عصبانی میشود.
3. The diet can make you slim without exercise. Having said that, however, exercise is important too.
▪️رژیم غذایی میتواند شما را بدون ورزش لاغر کند. با این حال، ورزش هم مهم است.
Dig in your heels or dig your heels in
📚 If you dig in your heels or dig your heels in, you refuse to do something such as change your opinions or plans.
1. Well, I told Grace she can't go, and now she's dug in her heels as if this party is the most important thing in her life.
▪️به گریس گفتم که اجازه نداره بره مهمونی اما او طوری پاش رو کرده بود تو یه کفش انگار که مهمترین اتفاق عمرشه
2. It was really the British who, by digging their heels in, prevented any last-minute deal.
▪️بریتانیایی ها بودن که از سر لجاجت مانع هرگونه توافق لحظه اخری شدن
3. The more we argued, the more she dug her heels in.
▪️هرچقدر بیشتر بحث میکردیم ، بیشتر لجبازی میکرد ( مرغش یک پا داشت 🐓🦵)
None the wiser ( or not any the wiser)
📚not knowing or understanding anything more about something
📚used to describe someone who is not at all aware of something that has happened
1. The investigation has been going on for months, and we're still none the wiser about the true cause of the accident.
2. He explained it to me many times, but his lesson left me none the wiser.
3. I've read the manual twice, but I'm still none the wiser as to how this is supposed to work.
4. We could have stolen the original from the warehouse without you being any the wiser.
5. I watched the entire documentary on the topic, but I'm none the wiser about its significance.
6. The restaurant replaced the lobster with crab and the costumers were none the wiser .
Moral vs Morale
Moral
📚concerning or relating to what is right and wrong in human behavior OPP Immoral
1. It's her moral obligation to tell the police what she knows.
2. It is not part of a novelist's job to make a moral judgment.
3. If we accept that certain babies should be allowed to die, we place doctors in a moral dilemma.
Amoral
📚without moral principles
1. He is an amoral, selfish person pursuing his own goals.
2. Humans, he argues, are amoral and what guides them is not any sense of morality but an instinct for survival.
Morale
📚the feelings of enthusiasm and loyalty that a person or group has about a task or job
1. A couple of victories would improve the team's morale enormously.
2. It was becoming difficult to keep up the morale of the troops.
3. The new manager realized that his first job would be to restore morale.
Flaunt
📚to show your money, success, beauty etc so that other people notice it
1. The rich flaunted their wealth while the poor starved on the streets.
▪️ثروتمندان ثروت خود را به رخ میکشند در حالی که فقرا در خیابانها گرسنه هستند
2. Annabelle was flaunting her tan in a little white dress.
▪️آنابل برنزهگیاش را در یک لباس سفید کوچک به رخ میکشد.
3. Their motto seems to be, “If you've got it, flaunt it.
▪️شعار آنها این بود : "اگر چیزی داری، به رخ بکش!"
Flout
📚intentionally not obey a rule, law, or custom
1. Some companies flout the rules and employ children as young as seven.
▪️برخی شرکتها قوانین را نادیده میگیرن و کودکان هفت ساله را استخدام میکنند
2. Countless retailers flout the law by selling cigarettes to children.
▪️ خردهفروشی بی شماری قانون را با فروش سیگار به کودکان نادیده میگیرند
3. The orchestra decided to flout convention, and wear their everyday clothes for the concert.
▪️ گروه ارکستر تصمیم گرفت تا رسم دیرینه را زیر پا بگزارد و لباس روزمره خود را برای کنسرت به تن کند
Raison d'être
📚a reason for existence
📚the sole or most important purpose for sb or sth.
1. Her job is her raison d'être.
▪️شغل او دلیل اصلی وجودش است.
2. I know it's something of a cliché, but my children really are my raison d'être.
▪️میدانم که این یک کلیشه است، اما واقعاً فرزندانم دلیل اصلی زندگیام هستند.
3. We've always prized serious social commentary as our magazine's raison d'être.
▪️ما همیشه به عنوان هدف اصلی مجلهمان، ارزشمند بودن نقد اجتماعی جدی را در نظر گرفتهایم.
4. When he was young, Carl's raison d'être was enjoying life and exploring its possibilities. But after he got married and had kids, it was all about his family
▪️وقتی جوان بود، دلیل اصلی وجود کارل لذت بردن از زندگی و کاوش در امکانات آن بود. اما بعد از ازدواج و داشتن فرزند، همه چیز حول خانوادهاش میچرخید
Cock-and-bull story
📚a story which is obviously not true, especially one given as an excuse
1. His excuse for missing work was nothing more than a cock-and-bull story about an alien abduction.
▪️بهانهاش برای غیبت سرِ کار، فقط یک دروغِ شاخدار درباره دزدیده شدن توسط آدمفضاییها بود.
2. The old man entertained the children with a cock-and-bull story about a treasure buried in the backyard.
▪️پیرمرد با یک داستانِ مندرآوردی درباره گنجی در حیاط پشتی، بچهها را سرگرم کرد.
3. They came up with a cock and bull story to cover up their mistake, but the truth eventually came out.
▪️دروغهای شاخوپردار سرهم کردند تا خطایشان را بپوشانند، ولی حقیقت فاش شد
🆔@English_Alikhani
A dash of sth
📚a small amount of a quality that is added to something else
1. Add salt, pepper and a dash of vinegar.
▪️نمک، فلفل و یک چکه سرکه اضافه کنید
2. Add a dash of romance to your life with a trip to Paris.
▪️با سفر به پاریس، به زندگیتان چاشنیِ عشق بزنید.
3. Cream with your coffee, Madam?" "Yes please - just a dash.
▪️خانم، قهوهتان با خامه باشد؟» «بله لطفاً، فقط یک ذره.»
4. Youthful ambiance with a dash of (= small amount of) sophistication. [ figurative ]
▪️فضایی پرنشاط همراه با رگهای از وقار.
5. The essay has a dash of humor.
▪️این مقاله نمکی از طنز در خود دارد.
6. Season the sauce with a dash of lemon zest and some thyme.
▪️سس را با ذرهای پوست لیمو و آویشن مزهدار کنید
Crack down
📚to start dealing with bad or illegal behaviour in a more severe way
• The library is cracking down on people who lose their books.
▪️کتابخانه در حال برخورد جدی با افرادی است که کتابهای خود را گم میکنند.
• After years of leniency, the school is finally cracking down on plagiarism.
▪️بعد از سالها ملایمت، مدرسه بالاخره تصمیم گرفته تا با سرقت علمی برخورد قاطعانه ای کند .
• The authorities are trying to crack down on drunk driving during the holidays
▪️مسئولان به دنبال اعمال قانون شدید علیه رانندگان مست در تعطیلات هستند
• Companies that pollute are the target of a new crackdown.[ noun ]
▪️شرکتهای آلاینده هدف موج جدیدی از سختگیریهای قانونی قرار گرفتهاند
• The headmaster said there's going to be a crackdown on cell phone use between classes.
▪️بساط استفاده از موبایل بین کلاسها جمع میشود!
• Iran disconnects Internet to crack down on protests in silence.
▪️ایران با قطع اینترنت، به پیشواز سرکوبِ بیصدای اعتراضات رفت.
🆔@English_Alikhani
Reciprocate - Reciprocal -Reciprocity
Reciprocate [ formal ]
📚share the same feelings as sb else, or to behave in the same way as sb else
• Sadly, my feelings for him were not reciprocated.
• We invited them to dinner and a week later they reciprocated.
• It was a hopeless love that could not possibly be reciprocated.💔
Reciprocal [ adj ]
📚a reciprocal arrangement or relationship involves two people, groups, or countries who each do something for the other
• It's a reciprocal arrangement - our students visit their school, and their students visit ours.
• The plan will only work if both sides fulfill their reciprocal [=mutual] obligations.
Reciprocity
📚behaviour in which two people or groups of people give each other help and advantages
• The proposal calls for reciprocity in trade relations.
🆔@English_Alikhani
🎧🎵🎸Writing's on the Wall-Sam Smith
🆔@English_Alikhani
#Music
Read between the lines
📚to guess something that is not expressed directly
1. He gave a very diplomatic explanation, but if you read between the lines, it seems like he was fired for political reasons.
▪️او توضیحی بسیار دیپلماتیک ارائه داد، اما اگر دقیقتر نگاه کنید، به نظر میرسد که به دلایل سیاسی اخراج شده است.
2. A good writer doesn't tell the reader everything directly but leaves it up to the reader to figure things out for themselves by reading between the lines.
▪️یک نویسنده خوب همه چیز را به طور مستقیم نمیگوید، بلکه به خواننده این فرصت را میدهد که با خواندن بین خطوط، خود به نتیجهگیری برسد.
3. Her letter seemed pretty cheerful, but if you read between the lines, you can tell that she's not really happy.
▪️نامهاش ظاهراً شاد و خوشحال بود، اما اگر کمی عمیقتر بپردازید، متوجه میشوید که خوشحالی واقعی ندارد
Antonym :
take something at face value
The Jury is Still Out
📚If you say the jury is still out on something, you mean that something has not yet been decided or has not yet become clear.
1. The jury is still out on whether the new company will succeed.
▪️هنوز مشخص نیست که آیا شرکت جدید موفق خواهد شد یا نه.
2. The jury is out as to whether there is life anywhere else in the universe.
▪️هنوز مشخص نیست که آیا در جای دیگری از کیهان حیات وجود دارد یا خیر.
3. The jury's still out on who's going to be the new CEO, but we should find out soon.
▪️هنوز مشخص نیست مدیرعامل جدید چه کسی خواهد بود، اما به زودی میفهمیم.
4. The jury's still out on whether the new drug works because the test results are still being analysed.
▪️هنوز مشخص نیست که آیا داروی جدید مؤثر است یا خیر، زیرا نتایج آزمایشها هنوز در حال تحلیل هستند.
Scavenge ( verb )
Scavenger ( noun )
📚if someone scavenges, they search through things that other people do not want, for food or useful objects:
1. There are people who live in the dump and scavenge garbage for a living.
2. We managed to scavenge a lot of furniture from the local rubbish dump.
3. They scavenged for antiques at the flea market.
4. He scavenged the town dump for automobile parts
5. Yesterday he ran the company, today he's a homeless scavenger ( noun).
6. Some fish scavenge on dead fish in the wild. ( eat dead animals that have been killed by another animal, by a car, etc.)
Converse vs Inverse vs Reverse
The converse
📚the opposite
1. In the US, you drive on the right hand side of the road, but in Britain the converse applies. ( noun )
2. However, the converse of this theory may also be true.
3. American consumers prefer white eggs; conversely, British buyers like brown eggs. ( adv)
Inverse
📚opposite in relation to sth else
1. Their generosity was in inverse proportion/relation to their income (= the more money they had the less generous they were). ( adj )
2. Clearly, the amount of money people save increases in inverse proportion to the amount they spend. ( adj)
3. Sometimes it seems that press coverage of an event is inversely proportional to its true importance. ( adv )
4. Alkalinity is the inverse of acidity. (noun )
The reverse
📚the opposite of what has been suggested
1. The teachers say my son is slow, but I believe the reverse (is true).
2. I owe you nothing. If anything, the reverse is true.
Gung Ho - Chinese in English
📚extremely enthusiastic about doing something, especially going to war
1. The film stars Mark Burgess-Ashton as the gung-ho young fighter pilot.
▪️داستان فیلم حول محور یک خلبان جوان و پرشور به نام مارک برگیس-اشتون میچرخد.
2. Mrs Parsons had organized the village fête with her customary gung-ho zeal.
▪️خانم پارسونز با شور و شوق همیشگیاش جشن روستا را سازماندهی کرده بود.
3. He has warned some of his more gung ho generals about the consequences of an invasion.
▪️او به برخی از ژنرالهای بیش از حد مشتاق خود درباره عواقب یک حمله هشدار داده است.
Click
📚to be understood, or become clear suddenly
1. Suddenly everything clicked and I realized where I'd met him.
2. As he talked about his schooldays, it suddenly clicked where I had met him before.
3. So it's finally clicked that you're going to have to get yourself a job, has it?
4. In the last act of the play, everything clicks into place.
5. Pieces of the puzzle suddenly clicked together.
📚 to become friendly or popular SYN Hit it off
1. Liz and I really clicked the first time we met.
2. I know him fairly well, but we've never really clicked.
Worthwhile
📚useful, important or good enough to be a suitable reward for the money or time spent or the effort made
1. She considers teaching a worthwhile career.
▪️او تدریس را یک حرفه ارزنده تلقی میکند
2. The time and expense involved in keeping up to date with all the changes has been worthwhile.
▪️زمان و هزینهای که برای بهروز ماندن با تمام تغییرات صرف شده، ارزشش را داشته است.
3. If you need him on this project, you've got to make it financially worthwhile for him (= you will have to pay him a suitable amount of money for the amount of work involved).
▪️اگر به او در این پروژه نیاز دارید، باید طوری برایش سودآور باشد که تمایل به همکاری پیدا کند
4. We decided to give the money to a worthwhile cause (=one that helps people).
▪️تصمیم گرفتیم که پول را صرف یک هدف ارزشمند کنند ( دادن ان به خیریه )
5. It might be worthwhile to recall a few important facts.
▪️شاید یادآوری چند فکت مهم مفید باشد .
Gaudy
📚clothes, colours etc that are gaudy are too bright and look cheap – used to show disapproval:
1. Her gaudy dress turned heads, though not always in admiration.
▪️لباس پرزرق و برق او توجهها را جلب کرد، اگرچه همیشه با تحسین نبود.
2. The motel rooms were clean but howlingly gaudy.
▪️موتلها اتاقهای تمیزی داشتند اما به طرز عجیبی زرق و برقدار بودند
3. She wore a gaudy necklace adorned with oversized gemstones that drew attention
▪️او یک گردنبند پرزرق و برق به تن داشت که با سنگهای قیمتی بزرگ تزئین شده بود و توجه را جلب میکرد
Gaudily (adv )
1. Gaudily dressed clowns
2. Gaudily painted statues
Gaudiness ( noun )
1. Nearby residents don't want any gaudiness in the building's renovation: they want it to be tasteful and understated.
▪️ساکنان نزدیک نمیخواهند در نوسازی ساختمان هیچ زرق و برقی وجود داشته باشد؛ آنها میخواهند که این کار با سلیقه و با ظرافت انجام شود.
Downtime
📚time when your relax and don't do very much
• We've had a busy weekend so I'm planning to have some downtime tomorrow
▪️آخر هفته شلوغی داشتیم، بنابراین فردا میخوام استراحت کنم.
2. Often, during semesters, you have down time when you can do some exercise.
▪️اغلب در طول ترمها، زمانهایی برای ورزش دارید.
3. I'm glad to finally have some downtime after such a busy week.
▪️خوشحالم که بعد از یک هفته شلوغ بالاخره وقت استراحت دارم.
4. There have been so many things going on all at once lately. I could really use some downtime to catch my breath!
▪️این روزها خیلی چیزها به طور همزمان اتفاق میافتد. واقعاً به یک زمان استراحت نیاز دارم تا نفسی بکشم!
5. Let's take this downtime for some quiet reflection, shall we?
▪️بیایید از این زمان استراحت برای تفکر آرام استفاده کنیم، خوب است؟
6. The kids napped during their downtime.
▪️بچهها در زمان استراحتشان خوابشان برد.
🆔@English_Alikhani
Lest
📚in order to prevent any possibility that something will happen
• They were afraid to complain about the noise lest they annoyed the neighbours.
▪️از سر و صدا شکایت نکردند، مبادا خاطرِ همسایهها مکدر شود
• And lest you think I'm joking, let me assure you that everything I've said is true.
▪️نکند فکر کنید شوخی است؛ همهاش عینِ واقعیت است.
• She's a talented singer and, lest we forget, a fine musician as well.
▪️خوانندهای بااستعداد و — نباید از قلم انداخت که — نوازندهای چیرهدست نیز هست.
• He gripped his brother's arm lest he be trampled by the mob.
▪️بازوی برادرش را سفت چسبید، مبادا زیر پای جمعیت له شود.
• Lest anyone should doubt my story, I have brought documents to attest to its truth.
▪️برای رفع هرگونه شک و شبهه، مدارکی برای اثبات حقیقتِ ماجرا همراه آوردهام.
Stupid, asinine, dense, dull, dumb, obtuse, slow, unintelligent❓❔🙋♂🙋♀
If you want to impugn someone's intelligence, the options are almost limitless. You can call the person stupid, a term that implies a sluggish, slow-witted lack of intelligence. Asinine is a harsher word, implying asslike or foolish behavior rather than slow-wittedness (a woman her age looked asinine in a miniskirt). Calling someone dumb is risky, because it is not only an informal word (you dumb bunny!), but because it also means mute and is associated with the offensive expression “deaf and dumb”❗️, used to describe people who cannot hear or speak. Dense implies an inability to understand even simple facts or instructions (too dense to get the joke), while dull suggests a sluggishness of mind unrelieved by any hint of quickness, brightness, or liveliness (a dull stare). Slow also implies a lack of quickness in comprehension or reaction and is often used as a euphemistic substitute for stupid (he was a little slow intellectually). Obtuse is a more formal word for slow-wittedness, but with a strong undercurrent of scorn (it almost seemed as though he were being deliberately obtuse). You can't go wrong with a word like unintelligent, which is probably the most objective term for low mental ability and the least likely to provoke an angry response (unintelligent answers to the teacher's questions).
#Subtleties
A bitter pill (to swallow)
📚something that is very unpleasant but which must be accepted
• Losing to a younger player was a bitter pill to swallow.
▪️پذیرفتن شکست در برابر یک بازیکن جوانتر، بسیار دشوار بود.
• Failing the bar exam was a bitter pill to swallow, but he plans to try again next year.
▪️قبول نشدن در آزمون وکالت، شکستی تلخ بود اما او قصد دارد سال بعد دوباره تلاش کند
• To see himself dethroned, the object of her contempt, was a bitter pill to swallow.
▪️اینکه ببیند جایگاهش را از دست داده و مورد تحقیر اوست، حقیقتی تلخ و غیرقابل تحمل بود.
Tinker
📚to make small changes to something, esp in an attempt to repair or improve it
1. He spends every weekend tinkering (about) with his car.
▪️او هر آخر هفته را به تعمیرات جزئی ماشینش میگذراند.
2. I wish the government would stop tinkering with the health service.
▪️کاش دولت دست از دستکاری کردن در خدمات بهداشتی برمیداشت
3. I'll just have a tinker with the television and see if I can get it to work. [ noun / UK]
▪️من فقط یک کوتاه وَر میروم با تلویزیون و ببینم کار میکند یا نه.
4 Problems can arise when management structures are tinkered with.
▪️مشکلات زمانی پدیدار میشوند که ساختارهای مدیریتی دستکاری میشوند.
Synonym :
Fiddle with
He was fiddling [=tinkering] with the controls of the television, trying to get it to work.
Tamper with sth ( to change or touch (something) especially in a way that causes damage or harm)
she saw them tampering with her car
I could see at once that the lock had been tampered with.
I don’t see the point in tampering with a system that’s worked fine so far.