208939
UPSC Notes
Terra rossa soil is obtained in
(A) Savanna region
(B) Limestone region
(C) Taiga region
(D) None of the above
Burning of Fossil Fuels Results In
(a) Increased oxygen level
(b) Decreases greenhouse gases
(c) Increased greenhouse gases
(d) Increased ethane level
Though a cheque resembles a bill of exchange in many respects but it is also a different instrument in other respects. Point out which one of the following statements regarding difference between cheque and bill of exchange is incorrect.
(A) A cheque does not require acceptance but a bill of exchange requires it.
(B) A cheque is not intended for circulation but bill of a exchange is intended.
A cheque is not entitled to some days of grace but it is in case of bill of exchange.
(D) A cheque is dishonored by non-acceptance but this is not so in case of bill of exchange.
India State of Forest Report (ISFR 2021) revealed that the total forest and tree cover of the country is 8,09,537 square kilometres (which is 24.62 percent of the geographical area of the country) compared to 7,94,245 sq km (24.16 percent) in ISFR 2015. T
his is an increase of 15,292 sq km of forest and tree cover of the country.
#forest #GS3 #environment
To whom did Mahatma Gandhi give the title ‘Deen Bandhu’?
(A) Abdul Ghaffar Khan
(B) Rabindra Nath Tagore
(C) CF Andrews
(D) Rajendra Prasad
In which of the following cases , the supreme court has issued specific guidelines regarding arrest ?
(A) Vishakha v state of Rajasthan
(B) A.R Antulsy's Case
(C) D.K Basu's case
(D) Nandini Satpathy 's case
#PrelimsPointers
Caribbean Community
📣 Recruitment Notification:
Himachal Pradesh Judicial Services Exam
▪️Total Posts - 17
▪️Apply by - 12th May
▪️Eligibility - LLB
▪️Pay Scale - Level J-1
(Basic - 77,840)
✅ Exam Dates
▪️Prelims - 9th July
▪️Mains - 19th August
📣 UPSC Assistant Commandant 2023 Notification
Читать полностью…
📣 BPSC Vacancy Notification : Assistant Divisional Fire Officer
✅ Total Post: 21
UPSC CAPF(AC) 2023
Total no. of seats 322
Last date to apply: 16th may
What is a Technical Recession?
● It is a term used to describe two consecutive quarters of decline in output. In the case of a nation’s economy, the term usually refers to back-to-back contractions in real GDP.
● Difference between Technical Recession and Recession: The technical recession is mainly used to capture the trend in GDP but the Recession encompasses an appreciably more broad-based decline in economic activity that covers several economic variables including employment, household and corporate incomes and sales at businesses.
Join @economics_optional_notes
🌀SAKSHAM Campaign
● Launched by: It is a people-centric fuel conservation mega campaign launched by Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA).
● Aim: To highlight the adverse health and environmental impacts of increasing carbon footprints.The idea is to convince consumers to switch to cleaner fuels and bring in behavioral change to use fossil fuel intelligently.
🌀ShramShakti Portal:
● Launched by: Ministry of Tribal Affairs
● Purpose: It is a National Migration Support Portal that aims to collect data related to tribal migrant workers and link them with the existing welfare schemes.
● The various data that will be recorded via the portal include demographic profile, livelihood options, skill mapping and migration pattern.
Join @economics_optional_notes
🌀Digital Payments Index(DPI)
● Released by: Reserve Bank of India(RBI)
● Purpose: To capture the extent of digitisation of payments across the country.
● Parameters: The index comprises five broad parameters with varying weights to measure the penetration of digital payments:
▫️Payment enablers (25%),
▫️Payment infrastructure—demand-side factors (10%), Payment infrastructure—supply-side factors (15%),
▫️Payment performance (45%)
▫️Consumer centricity (5%).
● When will it be published? The index shall be published on RBI’s website on a semi-annual basis from March 2021 onwards with a lag of 4 months.
Join @economics_optional_notes
Creeping inflation (1-4%)
🌳When the rate of inflation slowly increases over time.
🌳 For example, the inflation rate rises from 2% to 3%, to 4% a year. Creeping inflation may not be immediately noticeable, but if the creeping rate of inflation continues, it can become an increasing problem
@economics_optional_notes
The aim of Setu Bharatam Programme of Government of India is:
(A) To build bridges that connect coastal areas
(B) To build bridges on national highways
(C) To build bridges across rivers and seas for transportation of goods
(D) To build bridges in rural area
The new book, “The Maverick Effect” narrates the formation of
which Indian institution?
[A] NITI Aayog
[B] NASSCOM
[C] ISRO
[D] FICCI
In which of these countries is the Gobi Desert located?
(A) U.S.A.
(B) Chile
(C) Mongolia & China
(D) Japan
Under the Start-up India scheme, the government of offers _____.
A. Easy Registration
B. Tax Exemption
C.No Inspection
D. All of the above
Gas Molecules That Absorb Thermal Infrared Radiation and Are Present in Large Quantity to Alter the Climate System Is Known As
(a) Greenhouse gases
(b) Beta radiations
(c) Alpha radiations
(d) Ozone gases
01 MAY : International Labour Day or International Worker’s Day or May Day.
🔷 Labour Day is a day that unites workers together and the day aims to pay tribute to workers’ sacrifices in achieving economic and social rights all over the world.
🔷 India's first Labour day was celebrated in 1923 in Chennai.
🔷 May 1 is also Maharashtra Day & Gujarat Day
#River_India
PENISULAR RIVER SYSTEM
▪️ The Penisular rivers are much older than Himalayan Rivers.
▪️ Penisular Rivers are Non - Perennial Rivers.
▪️ Rivers have reached their Mature stage and have almost reached the Base level.
▪️ Characterised by Broad and shallow valleys.
▪️ Water divide in Penisular rivers forms by Western ghats.
▪️ Velocity and load carrying capacity is low due to Low gradient.
▪️ East flowing rivers make deltas at their mouth while West flowing rivers make Estuaries.
📣 EPFO EO/AO & APFC
Exam on 02nd July, 2023
▪️EO/AO - 9.30 to 11.30 AM
▪️APFC - 2 PM to 4 PM
📣 SSC 2023 Exam Dates
Читать полностью…
First Ever Census on Water Bodies in India
•The Ministry of Jal Shakti has conducted the first-ever census of water bodies across the nation.
•The census provides a comprehensive inventory of India's water resources, including natural and man-made water bodies like ponds, tanks, lakes, and more, and to collect data on the encroachment of water bodies.
•The Census also highlighted disparities between rural and urban areas and varying levels of encroachment and revealed crucial insights into the country's water resources.
•The census was launched under the centrally sponsored scheme, “Irrigation Census” in convergence with the 6th Minor Irrigation Census in order to have a comprehensive national database of all water bodies.
•The information on all important aspects of the water bodies including their type, condition, status of encroachments, use, storage capacity, status of filling up of storage, etc was collected.
•It covered all the water bodies located in rural as well as urban areas that are in-use or not in-use.
•The census also took into account all type of uses of water bodies like irrigation, industry, pisciculture, domestic/ drinking, recreation, religious, ground water recharge etc.
🌀World Bank
▫️Founded at the Bretton Woods conference in 1944, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development—soon called the World Bank—has expanded to a closely associated group of five development institutions.
▫️International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) provides loans, credits, and grants.
▫️International Development Association (IDA) provides low- or no-interest loans to low-income countries.
▫️The International Finance Corporation (IFC) provides investment, advice, and asset management services to companies and governments.
▫️The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) insures lenders and investors against political risk such as war.
▫️The International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) settles investment-disputes between investors and countries.
India is not a member of ICSID.
▫️Recently, the World Bank has released new Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs) for reference year 2017, under International Comparison Program (ICP) that adjusts for differences in the cost of living across economies of the world.
▫️It has also developed the Logistics Performance Index.
◾️Reports Published by World Bank:
•Human Capital Index Report
•Global Economic Prospects
•Ease of Doing Business
•South Asia Economic Focus Report
•Poverty and Shared Prosperity Report
•World Development Report
◾️Projects Supported by the World Bank:
•National Hydrology Project
•Strengthening Teaching-Learning and Results for States (STARS) Project
•National Nutrition Mission
•National Mission for Clean Ganga
•National Biopharma Mission
•Atal Bhujal Yojana.
Join @economics_optional_notes
🌀Fiscal Deficit
▪️Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has pegged the fiscal deficit for 2021-22 at 6.8% of GDP
▪️Aims to bring it back below the 4.5% mark by 2025-26.
◾️The deficit has shot up to a high of 9.5% of the GDP due to:
▫️Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
▫️Low revenue flows due to the lockdown.
▫️Negative economic growth clubbed with high government spending to provide relief to vulnerable sections of society.
◾️What next?
Finance minister has also proposed to introduce amendments to the FRBM Act to make necessary change in the fiscal consolidation roadmap.
◾️What is fiscal deficit?
▫️Difference between the Revenue Receipts plus Non-debt Capital Receipts (NDCR) and the total expenditure.
▫️In other words, fiscal deficit is “reflective of the total borrowing requirements of Government”.
◾️Impact of high fiscal deficit:
▫️In the economy, there is a limited pool of investible savings. These savings are used by financial institutions like banks to lend to private businesses (both big and small) and the governments (Centre and state).
▫️If the fiscal deficit ratio is too high, it implies that there is a lesser amount of money left in the market for private entrepreneurs and businesses to borrow.
▫️Lesser amount of this money, in turn, leads to higher rates of interest charged on such lending.
▫️A high fiscal deficit and higher interest rates would also mean that the efforts of the Reserve Bank of India to reduce interest rates are undone.
◾️What is the acceptable level of fiscal deficit for a developing economy?
▫️For a developing economy, where private enterprises may be weak and governments may be in a better state to invest, fiscal deficit could be higher than in a developed economy.
▫️In India, the FRBM Act suggests bringing the fiscal deficit down to about 3 percent of the GDP
◾️What is the the FRBM Act?
▫️The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act (FRBM Act), 2003, establishes financial discipline to reduce fiscal deficit.
◾️What are the objectives of the FRBM Act?
▫️To introduce transparency in India’s fiscal management systems.
▫️Long-term objective is for India to achieve fiscal stability and to give the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) flexibility to deal with inflation in India.
▫️The Act was enacted to introduce more equitable distribution of India’s debt over the years.
◾️Key features of the FRBM Act:
▫️The FRBM Act made it mandatory for the government to place the following along with the Union Budget documents in Parliament annually:
•Medium Term Fiscal Policy Statement.
•Macroeconomic Framework Statement.
•Fiscal Policy Strategy Statement.
Source - PIB
Join @economics_optional_notes
All India Finance Institutions (AIFIs)
▫️They Provide medium to long term finance to different sectors through refinance and direct lending.
▫️There are 4 AIFIs- Exim Bank, NABARD, NHB and SIDBI.
▫️All AIFIs are under regulations and supervision of RBI.
▫️Prudential norms relating to asset classification are applicable on AIFIs also.
▫️ AIFIs are also subjected to onsite inspection and offsite surveillance by RBI.
@economics_optional_notes
Join
Circular Economy
🌳A circular economy entails markets that give incentives to reusing products, rather than scrapping them and then extracting new resources.
🌳In such an economy, all forms of waste, such as clothes, scrap metal and obsolete electronics, are returned to the economy or used more efficiently.
🌳This can provide a way to not only protect the environment, but use natural resources more wisely, develop new sectors, create jobs and develop new capabilities.
@economics_optional_notes
Biomethanation is a process by which organic material is microbiologically converted under anaerobic conditions to biogas.
◾️ Three main physiological groups of microorganisms are involved: fermenting bacteria, organic acid oxidizing bacteria, and methanogenic archaea.
◾️ Biomethanation has strong potential for the production of energy from organic residues and wastes.
◾️ It will help to reduce the use of fossil fuels and thus reduce CO(2) emission.
Join @UPSCPrelimsBaba