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History & culture notes by Kasturi Panda AIR 67, 2022
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♻️Ancient Indian History One-Liners♻️
➨ In 1922, an Indian archaeologist Mr.Rakhal Das Bannerjee discovered the Mohenjodaro site of the Indus Valley civilisation.
➨ The Ashokan Pillar Edict-VII mentions the Dhamma Mahamattas. It propagated a proper courtesy to slaves and servants, obedience to parents, respectful behaviour towards Brahmans and Sharmanas and generiosty towards friends, acquaintances and relatives.
➨ The two major rock edicts of Ashoka viz. Mansehra and Sahbazgarhi are in Kharosthi script. These both the rock edicts are in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
➨ The Egyptian ruler, Ptolemy II Philadelphus had sent Dionysuis as an ambassador in the court of either Bindusara or Asoka.
➨ The important functionaries of Early Vedic period are Purohita, Senani and Gramini.
➨ World’s first oil painting were found in Bamiyan caves in Afghanistan .
➨ The Sakas introduced Satrap system of government along with Parthians that was similar to that of the Achaemenid and Seleucid systems in Iran. Under this system, the kingdom was divided into provinces each under military governor Mahakshatrapa (great satrap). The governors of lower status were called kshatrapas (satraps). These governors had the power to issue their own inscriptions and mint their own coins.
➨ The great scholars in the Court of Kanishka I were Asvaghosa (the Buddhist poet), Nagarjuna (the philosopher), Samgharaksha (the chaplain), Mathara (the politician), Vasumitra (the Buddhist scholar), Charaka (the physician) and Agisala (the engineer).
➨ Harisena was the court poet of Samudragupta, who mentioned the achievements of Samudragupta in the Prayag-Prasasti inscription.
🧿प्राचीन भारतीय इतिहास वन-लाइनर्स
➨ 1922 में, एक भारतीय पुरातत्वविद् श्रीराखल दास बनर्जी ने सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता के मोहनजोदड़ो स्थल की खोज की।
➨ अशोकन स्तंभ एडिक्ट-VII में धम्म महामातों का उल्लेख है। इसने दासों और नौकरों, माता-पिता की आज्ञाकारिता, ब्राहमणों और शरमन के प्रति सम्मानजनक व्यवहार और मित्रों, परिचितों और रिश्तेदारों के प्रति उदारता का उचित शिष्टाचार का प्रचार किया।
➨ अशोक के दो प्रमुख रॉक संस्करण। मानसेहरा और सहबाजगढ़ी खरोष्ठी लिपि में हैं। ये दोनों रॉक एडिशन खैबर पख्तूनख्वा, पाकिस्तान में हैं।
➨ मिस्र के शासक, टॉलेमी द्वितीय फिलाडेल्फ़स ने डायोनिस्यूस को बिंदुसार या अशोक के दरबार में एक राजदूत के रूप में भेजा था।
➨ प्रारंभिक वैदिक काल के महत्वपूर्ण कार्यकर्त्ता पुरोहिता, सेनानी और ग्रामिनी हैं।
➨ विश्व की पहली तेल चित्रकला अफगानिस्तान में बामियान गुफाओं में पाई गई थी।
➨ सकस ने पार्थियनों के साथ सरकार की सत्रप प्रणाली की शुरुआत की जो ईरान में आचमेनिड और सेल्यूलाइड प्रणालियों के समान थी। इस प्रणाली के तहत, राज्य को सैन्य गवर्नर महाक्षत्रप (महान क्षत्रप) के तहत प्रत्येक प्रांत में विभाजित किया गया था। निचले दर्जे के राज्यपालों को क्षत्रप (क्षत्रप) कहा जाता था। इन राज्यपालों के पास अपने स्वयं के शिलालेख जारी करने और अपने स्वयं के सिक्कों का खनन करने की शक्ति थी।
➨ कनिष्क के दरबार में महान विद्वान अश्वघोष (बौद्ध कवि), नागार्जुन (दार्शनिक), सम्राज्ञा (पादरी), मथारा (राजनीतिज्ञ), वसुमित्र (बौद्ध विद्वान), चरक (चिकित्सक) और अगीसाला थे (अभियंता)।
➨ हरिसेना समुद्रगुप्त का दरबारी कवि था, जिसने प्रयाग-प्रशस्ति शिलालेख में समुद्रगुप्त की उपलब्धियों का उल्लेख किया है।
Shreyans Kumat Notes and Strategy UPSC:
Polity and IR
----------------------
1. Very important subject - attracts many crucial and interesting questions every year
2. Sources I had used:
- Laxmikant Latest Edition
- Ravindran Sir, Gautam Sir, Abhilash Sir, Abhey Sir, Iqbal Sir, Pavneet Sir Notes (Vajiram)
- Constitution Mobile App
- Bare Constitution Book
- Vision IAS Monthly for Polity and IR Current Affairs
- IAS Parliament for International Organisations
- Prslegislature website to fill gaps
3. Approach:
- Multiple readings of Laxmikant (almost whole book is notes, was futile to make notes out of it) and Class notes
- Had made notes for Constitutional and Non-Constitutional bodies (shared above) which were at the end of Laxmikant
- For Polity, Original Constitution and SC judgements were the go to guides for any final interpretation
- For Prelims, FR, FD, DPSP and basic terms were really important. Discussion and Analysis with friends used to help
- Current Affairs were also very important for both Polity and IR .Monthly magazines and compilations used to help a lot
4. Test Series:
- Sectional Tests of Vajiram and Vision
- PYQs from last 5 yrs UPSC Papers
5. Basic conceptual understanding is crucial for polity which develops from multiple readings. Questions in prelims majorly tries to confuse on that front. Post mock test analysis and discussion with friends aids to the understanding.
Shreyans Kumat Notes and Strategy UPSC:
Modern History
--------------------------
1. Attracts significant number of questions in Prelims every year. Important static portion which requires good number of revisions
2. Sources I had used:
- NCERT (Bipan Chandra)
- Parmar Sir Notes (Vajiram)
- Vajiram Yellow Book for Modern History
- Crash Course Videos online
- Tables at the end of Spectrum
3. Approach:
- Tried getting an idea about the basic timeline after two initial readings of NCERT and watching a ~3hr long modern history crash course video online
- Supplemented information from the Vajiram yellow book into Parmar Sir Vajiram notes
- Created Governor/Viceroy wise event list (as shown in sample notes) to easily revise and remember them
- Used Spectrum tables as the source of factual information not yet covered
4. Test Series for Modern History
- Sectional Tests of Vision and Vajiram
- PYQs from last 5 yrs UPSC papers
5. Modern History has a lot of things to remember. Discussion of storyline and questions with friends helped me a lot in getting confidence in the subject.
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Kasturi Panda AIR 67, 2022
History culture British period
Geo env, Ir security, S & T
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Surbhi goyal AIR 78 , CSE 2021
Science and technology Notes
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Swadeshi Movement
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IMPORTANT NOTICE
MPPSC:- New date for Exam
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■ TIDAL BORES
#Oceanography #oceantides
◇ When tide water enters the coastal river with high tidal range, the seaward flow of the river obstructs the incoming tide, with the result the front of tidal wave crest is forced to assume high tidal range. Thus, the tidal wave with steep tidal wall of more than 5 m in height rushes upstream or up bay. This wall-like high tidal waves are called tidal bores which move upstream with average speed of 20-22 kilometres per hour.
□ The following conditions are conducive for the occurrence of tidal bore: -
◇ Narrow and low-lying coastal river with gentle channel gradient,
◇ A bay with narrow opening and tapering head,
◇ Large tidal range (wave height), usually more than 5 meters,
◇ Upward decreasing water depth, meaning thereby decreasing depth of water in upriver section, etc.
■ EMERGENCY PROVISIONS
#salientfeaturesofconstitution
◇ The Indian Constitution contains elaborate emergency provisions to enable the President to meet any extraordinary situation effectively.
◇ The rationality behind the
incorporation of these provisions is to safeguard the sovereignty, unity, integrity and security of the country, the democratic political system and the Constitution.
□ The Constitution envisages three types of emergencies, namely :-
• National emergency on the ground of war or external aggression or armed rebellion (Article 352);
• State emergency (President’s Rule) on the ground of failure of Constitutional machinery in the states (Article 356) or
failure to comply with the directions of the Centre (Article 365); and
• Financial emergency on the ground of threat to the financial stability or credit of India (Article 360).
CHALLENGES TO EXTERNAL SECURITY OF INDIA
🔸 Competition for scare resources
🔸Challenges from hostile neighbors
🔸China -Pak axis
🔸Militarization of Space
🔸Cross border threat
🔸Maritime Security
🔸Threat from cyber space
🔸Development in middle east
*Use this Diagram in your Essay Paper as per the need .
Shreyans Kumat Notes and Strategy UPSC:
Ancient and Medieval + Art & Culture
--------------------------------------------------------------
1. Low level of cost benefit/input output ratio. But as it is a competitive exam, selective and effective study is preferred.
2. Sources I had used:
- Tamil Nadu XI NCERT
- Jain Sir Notes (Vajiram)
- Fine Arts NCERT
- GK Today Notes (Selective for Literature, Music, Dance etc.)
- ExamRobot for previous year questions
- Vajiram old yellow book (only some important pages)
3. Approach:
- Multiple revisions of TN NCERT, Fine Arts NCERT and Jain Sir Notes to memorize
- Made different documents like Ancient History Timeline, Maps (uploaded above) to aid in memory
- Used to write difficult words in Devnagri Hindi for better retention
- Used PYQP to identify prominent topics - like Bhakti-Sufi, Jainism-Buddhism etc.
- Analysis of options asked in PYQs for better coverage
- Used ExamRobot to identify other questions asked in those prominent topics in other UPSC exams.
4. Test Series:
- Sectional Tests of Vajiram and Vision
5. One of the most difficult portions for me as it required lot of sequences, dates, names etc. to be memorized. Took me multiple revisions but I still wasn't confident till the end. But these revisions did help in elimination of options in the final exam and I was able to do most of them correct.
6. As it is purely memory based topic, discussion and storytelling of timeline with friends can help in better retention.
7. Also, watched YouTube videos for dances, referred to Images of artifacts and visited National Museum in Delhi - were some of the efforts to aid my memory.
Shreyans Kumat Notes and Strategy UPSC:
Ecology and Environment
-----------------------------------------
1. Very important topic for Prelims - will continously fetch many questions as IFoS exam is clubbed with CSE
2. Sources I had used:
- Shankar IAS Notes
- Vaishali Ma'am Notes (Vajiram)
- Vision Monthly and Daily Hindu for Current Affairs
- Insight IAS Prelims compilation
- Govt. Websites and Wikipidea of Major National Parks
3. Approach:
- Tried covering important topics from Shankar and Vajiram notes and supplemented them with current affairs
- For Reserves, National Park etc. - tried remembering Biosphere Reserves, Ramsar Sites and Few Major National Parks through Maps - Remembered major Flora, Fauna and geographical features in the above. These can be used for option elimination during Prelims.
4. Also, went through websites of UNDP, UNEP, World Bank etc. to cover the initiatives in India.
5. Test Series for Environment:
- Previous Year Qs in Shankar Notes
- Sectional Test of Vision and Vajiram
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Kasturi Panda AIR 67, 2022
History culture
British period
Geo env, Ir security, S & T
Cgpsc notification
vacancies 242
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IMPORTANT NOTICE
MPPSC:- New date has been announced by the Commission regarding Madhya Pradesh State Service Main Examination 2022.
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Compensatory afforestation
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Kasturi Panda AIR 67, 2022
Indian History Notes
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UKPSC (Updated) Exam Calendar-2023-24
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Public Administration
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