209146
UPSC Notes
Wildlife Sanctuary of India
State —Wildlife Sanctuary
✍️—Himachal Pradesh —Chandratal, Pong Dam Lake, Renuka
✍️—Jammu-Kashmir —Changthal Cold Desert, Hokersar, Surinsar-Mansar
✍️—Jharkhand —Dalma, Gautam Buddha, Hazaribagh, Parasnath, Palamu, Topchanchi
✍️—Karnataka —Dandeli, Ghatprabha, Chincholi, Talakaveri.
✍️—Kerala —Thadekkad Birds, Idukki, Neyyar, Parambikulam, Malabar, Periyar, Voynad, Kumaracom
✍️—Andhra Pradesh —Koringa, Kolleru, Nagarjuna Sagar- Srisailam, Pranahita
✍️—Telangana —Nagarjuna Sagar - Shri Shailam, Pranahita, Kinneersani
✍️—Bihar —Barela Lake (present-day Salim Ali Jubba Sahni Birds Vihar), Bhimbandh, Gautam Buddha, Kanwarzhil, Kaimur, Valmiki, Vikramashila Ganga-Dolphin
#Prelims2023
Volcano sites in the world
India : Baratang and Barren
Indonasia : Krakatau, Sinabung, Merapi
Japan : Mount Asma, Mt Aso, Mt Hakone, Mt Shindke
Mexico : Popocatépet, Volcán de Colima
US : Mt Cliveland, Mt Shishaldin
Ethiopia : Erta ale
UK : Kilauea (Hawai)
Papua New Guinea : Bagana
Antartica : Mt Erebus
Russia : Chirinkotan, Shiveluch
Italy : Mt Etna, Stromboli
ALL REPORTS & INDICES 2022&2023 - If you read this pdf compulsory you can score 4 marks in GS PRELIMS 2023. Meticulously made content for Prelims 2023 UPSC/TSPSC/APPSC.
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42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added four new Directive Principles to the original list. Those DPSPs are:
1⃣ Article 39 - To secure opportunities for healthy development of children.
2⃣ Article 39A - To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor.
3⃣ Article 43A - To take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries
4⃣ Article 48A - To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wild life.
ALL MINISTRY-WISE GOVT SCHEMES FROM 2019-2023, Source: Respective ministry websites. If you read this content-Your Govt schemes preparation is completed.
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India is now most populous country in the world....
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Indian Forest Service 2023 - Interview guidance program by Shankar IAS Academy.
We are conducting Interview Orientation for IFS Mains cleared students.
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• The work on the strategic 14.5 km long Zojila tunnel, an all-weather connection between the Kashmir valley and the Ladakh region - is going on at a rapid pace and over 40 per cent of the drilling has been completed,
• It will pass under the Zojila Pass in the Himalayas between Ganderbal in Kashmir and Drass town in Kargil district of Ladakh.
• Z-Morh Tunnel is a part of the Zojila tunnel project.
• Z-Morh tunnel, which connects Gagangir with Sonamarg and provides all-weather connectivity to the resort in the Ganderbal district of central Kashmir, will be inaugurated in October this year.
Clean Plant program
✅With the demand for foreign planting materials of fruits like apples, avocados and blueberries rising over the years, the Central government plans to set up 10 ‘Clean Plant Centres’
✅Objective: To boost domestic production of the selected fruit crops
✅Services offered: disease diagnostic, therapeutics, multiplying of plants and generation of mother plants
✅Need for ‘Clean plant program’: Currently, it is difficult to get disease-free and genuine planting materials for horticultural crops in India.
✅Also, the process of importing plants is very cumbersome, as the imported plants must be kept in quarantine for two years.
✅Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
✅Implementing agency: National Horticulture Board (NHB)
✅Funding: 100% be Central government
✅It will be set up under the ‘Atmanirbhar Clean Plant Program’ (announced in Budget 2023-24)
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Important treaties in history of India
1. Treaty of Asurar Ali
1639
The treaty established the boundary between the Mughal empire and the Ahom kingdom ending the Mughal's efforts to conquer Ahom.
2. Treaty of Purandar
1665
Signed between Rajput ruler and commander of Mughal Empire Jai Singh I, and Maratha Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Shivaji was forced to sign the agreement after Jai Singh besieged Purandar fort.
3. Treaty of Alinagar
1757
Signed between Siraj-ud-dwala and Robert Clive allowing the British to fortify Calcutta and also allow British goods to pass through Bengal without duties.
4. Treaty of Allahabad
1765
Signed between Robert Clive and Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II allowing the British Diwani Rights or the right to collect taxes on behalf of the Emperor from the eastern province of Bengal-Bihar-Orissa.
5. Treaty of Madras
1769
The Treaty of Madras was signed between the British and Hyder Ali of Mysore to bring to an end the first Mysore War. Under the treaty, both the parties agreed to return the areas won by each and to support each other in case of a third party invasion.
6. Treaty of Purandar
1776
Signed between the British and the Marathas bringing the first phase of the First Anglo-Maratha War to an end.
7. Treaty of Wadgaon
1779
Signed between the British and the Marathas bringing the second phase of the First Anglo-Maratha War to an end.
8. Treaty of Salbai
1782
Signed between Maratha Empire and the British East India Company after long negotiations to settle the outcome of the First Anglo-Maratha War it was signed between Warren Hastings and Mahadaji Scindia.
9. Treaty of Seringapatam
1792
Signed between the British (Lord Cornwallis), the Marathas, Hyderabad and Tipu Sultan. This ended the Third Anglo-Mysore War allowing the Marathas, the Nizam of Hyderabad and the British to annex almost half of Tipu Sultan's territories.
10. Treaty of Bassein (now called Vasai)
1802
Signed between the British East India Company and Baji Rao II, the Maratha Peshwa of Pune (Poona) in India after the Battle of Poona. The treaty was a decisive step in the dissolution of the Maratha Empire, which led to the East India Company's usurpation of the empire's territories in western India in 1818.
11. Treaty of Sugauli (also spelled Sugowlee, Sagauli, Soogoulee)
1816
signed between the East India Company and Raj Guru Gajaraj Mishra with Chandra Shekha, the treaty that established the boundary line of Nepal
12. Treaty of Yandabo
1826
Signed between General Sir Archibald Campbell on the British side, and the Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side, without any due permission and consent of the Ahom kingdom, Kachari kingdom or the other territories covered in the treaty. With the British army at Yandabo village, only 80 km (50 mi) from the capital Ava, the Burmese were forced to accept the British terms without discussion
13. Treaty of Lahore
1846
Signed between Governor General Henry Hardinge for the British and members of Lahore darbar representing the young Maharaja Duleep Singh Bahadur. The treaty marked the end of the First Anglo-Sikh War.
14. Treaty of Amritsar
1846
The Treaty of Amritsar followed the Treaty of Lahore. By this treaty the British East India Company sold Kashmir to Maharaja Gulab Singh, whose dynasty ruled till 1947, when Maharaja Hari Singh acceded Kashmir to India.
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There are 4 types of genetic diseases
1⃣ Single Gene - Disorders caused by abnormality or mutation in the sequence of one gene.
2⃣ Multifactorial - Caused by a combination of environmental factors as well as mutations in multiple genes.
3⃣ Chromosomal - Abnormalities in chromosome structure such has missing or extra copies
4⃣ Mitochondrial - Caused by a mutation in non-chromosomal DNA of mitochondria
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✍ सीमा रेखाएं - प्रमुख अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सीमाएँ 🌀
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√√ रेखा का नाम – डूरंड रेखा (Durand Line)
● किसके बीच – पाकिस्तान तथा अफगानिस्तान
● 1886 में सर मार्टिमर डूरंड द्वारा निर्धारित।
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√√ रेखा का नाम – मैकमोहन रेखा (Macmahon Line)
● किसके बीच – भारत तथा चीन
● 1120 किमी. लंबी यह रेखा सर हेनरी मैकमोहन द्वारा निर्धारित की गई थी। लेकिन चीन इसे स्वीकार नहीं करता।
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√√ रेखा का नाम – रेडक्लिफ रेखा (Radcliffe Line)
● किसके बीच – भारत तथा पाकिस्तान
● 1947 में भारत-पाकिस्तान सीमा आयोग के अध्यक्ष सर सायरिल रेडक्लिफ द्वारा निर्धारित।
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√√ रेखा का नाम – 17 वीं समानांतर रेखा (17th Parallel)
● किसके बीच – उत्तरी वियतनाम तथा द. वियतनाम
● वियतनाम के एकीकरण के पहले यह देश को दो भागों में बांटती थी।
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√√ रेखा का नाम – 24 वीं समानांतर रेखा (24th Parallel)
● किसके बीच – भारत तथा पाकिस्तान
● पाकिस्तान के अनुसार कच्छ क्षेत्र का यह रेखा सही निर्धारण करती है लेकिन भारत इस रेखा को स्वीकार नहीं करता है।
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√√ रेखा का नाम – 38 वीं समानांतर रेखा (38th Parallel)
● किसके बीच – उत्तर कोरिया तथा दक्षिण कोरिया
● कोरिया को दो भागों में बांटती है।
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√√ रेखा का नाम – 49 वीं समानांतर रेखा (49th Parallel)
● किसके बीच – अमेरिका तथा कनाडा
● अमेरिका तथा कनाडा को दो भागों में बांटती है।
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√√ रेखा का नाम – हिंडनबर्ग रेखा (Hindenburg Line)
● किसके बीच – जर्मनी तथा पोलैंड
● प्रथम विश्व युद्ध में जर्मनी की सेना यहीं से वापस लौटी थी।
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√√ रेखा का नाम – ओडरनास रेखा (Order-Neisse Line)
● किसके बीच – जर्मनी तथा पोलैंड
● द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के बाद निर्धारित की गई।
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√√ रेखा का नाम – मैगिनाट रेखा (Maginot Line)
● किसके बीच – जर्मनी तथा फ्रांस
● जर्मनी के आक्रमण से बचाव के लिए फ्रांस ने यह रेखा बनाई थी।
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√√ रेखा का नाम – सीजफ्राइड रेखा (Seigfrid Line)
● किसके बीच – जर्मनी तथा फ्रांस
● जर्मनी ने यह रेखा बनाई थी।
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Emailing ECO MCQ 550 VIVEK SINGH.pdf
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