Computer Science and Programming

07 марта 2024 11:03

DevOps Explained!

Plan:
- Defines project goals, scope, and requirements, identifying stakeholders and resources. 📝
Build:
- Involves coding, compiling, and packaging, emphasizing version control and code management. 🔧
Test:
- Ensures software aligns with quality and functional standards, utilizing automated and security testing. 🧪
Deploy:
- Releases software precisely using deployment automation and monitoring tools. 🚚
Operate:
- Ensures operational stability, promptly addressing issues with management tools. 🛠
Observe:
- Analyzes data from software and production using logging, tracing, and metrics tools. 🔎
Continuous Feedback:
- Gathers ongoing feedback, utilizing loops, surveys, and analytics for improvement. 📊
DevOps:
- Cultivates a culture of collaboration, communication, and continuous improvement for faster, better, and safer software delivery.

Computer Science and Programming

03 марта 2024 12:45

Computer Memory Explained

Computer memory is like a workspace for your computer. It stores data and instructions that the computer needs to access quickly.

Internal Memory:

1. ROM (Read-Only Memory):
- PROM (Programmable ROM): Programmable once by the user post-manufacturing. 🖊
- EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM): Can be erased with ultraviolet light and reprogrammed. ☀️🔁
- EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM): Can be erased and reprogrammed electrically, multiple times. ⚡️

2. RAM (Random Access Memory):
- SRAM (Static RAM): Retains data as long as power is supplied, no need to refresh, faster than DRAM. ⚡️💨
- DRAM (Dynamic RAM): Stores data in capacitors that must be refreshed periodically, widely used. 🔄
- SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM): Syncs with CPU clock speed for improved performance. ⏱
- RDRAM (Rambus DRAM): High bandwidth memory with Rambus technology. 🚀
- DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM): Transfers data on both rising and falling clock edges.
- DDR1: First generation, higher speed and bandwidth than SDRAM. 🆕
- DDR2: Improved version of DDR1 with lower power consumption and higher speeds. 🔋💨
- DDR3: Higher speeds and reduced power consumption over DDR2. 🔋➕💨
- DDR4: Higher module density and increased performance with reduced voltage. 🔋🆙🎛

External Memory:

1. HDD (Hard Disk Drive): Uses spinning disks to read/write data, traditional storage device. 🔄💾
2. SSD (Solid State Drive): Non-volatile flash memory for faster speed than HDDs. 🚀💾
3. CD (Compact Disc): Optical disc for storing digital data, used for music and software

Computer Science and Programming

01 марта 2024 14:13

DevOps is a set of practices that combines software development and IT operations. It aims to shorten the software development life cycle and provide continuous delivery with high software quality. 🚀

DevOps has several phases

Plan: This phase involves defining the goals, scope, and requirements of the software project. It also includes identifying the stakeholders, risks, and resources needed. 📝

Build: This phase involves writing, compiling, and packaging the code into executable units. It also includes using version control, code review, and configuration management tools. 🔧

Test: This phase involves verifying that the software meets the quality standards and functional specifications. It also includes using automated testing, performance testing, and security testing tools. 🧪

Deploy: This phase involves releasing the software to the production environment or to the end-users. It also includes using deployment automation, orchestration, and monitoring tools. 🚚

Operate: This phase involves running and maintaining the software in the production environment. It also includes using incident management, problem management, and change management tools. 🛠

Observe: This phase involves collecting and analyzing data from the software and the production environment. It also includes using logging, tracing, and metrics tools. 🔎

Continuous Feedback and Discovery: This phase involves gathering feedback from the stakeholders, users, and customers. It also includes using feedback loops, surveys, and analytics tools. It also involves discovering new opportunities, challenges, and trends. 📊

DevOps is a culture that promotes collaboration, communication, and continuous improvement. It helps to deliver software faster, better, and safer. 😊

Computer Science and Programming

23 февраля 2024 12:23

Ever wondered how Docker 🐳 works?

1. Docker Build 🏗
2. Docker Push ☁️
3. Docker Run 🏃
4. Docker Pull 🚚
5. Docker Images 🖼

Computer Science and Programming

22 февраля 2024 20:46

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Computer Science and Programming

16 февраля 2024 10:33

Improving API Performance with Database Connection Pooling

The diagram below shows 5 common API optimization techniques. Today, I’ll focus on number 5, connection pooling. It is not as trivial to implement as it sounds for some languages.

When fulfilling API requests, we often need to query the database. Opening a new connection for every API call adds overhead. Connection pooling helps avoid this penalty by reusing connections.

How Connection Pooling Works

1. For each API server, establish a pool of database connections at startup.
2. Workers share these connections, requesting one when needed and returning it after.

Challenges for Some Languages

However, setting up connection pooling can be more complex for languages like PHP, Python and Node.js. These languages handle scale by having multiple processes, each serving a subset of requests.

- In these languages, database connections get tied to each process.
- Connections can't be efficiently shared across processes. Each process needs its own pool, wasting resources.

In contrast, languages like Java and Go use threads within a single process to handle requests. Connections are bound at the application level, allowing easy sharing of a centralized pool.

Connection Pooling Solution

Tools like PgBouncer work around these challenges by proxying connections at the application level.

PgBouncer creates a centralized pool that all processes can access. No matter which process makes the request, PgBouncer efficiently handles the pooling.

At high scale, all languages can benefit from running PgBouncer on a dedicated server. Now the connection pool is shared over the network for all API servers. This conserves finite database connections.

Connection pooling improves efficiency, but its implementation complexity varies across languages.

Computer Science and Programming

08 февраля 2024 17:19

Monolithic VS Microservices Architecture. Which one are you using? 🤔

In the realm of software architecture, the choice between Monolithic and Microservices can shape the destiny of your application. Let's break down the key differences in a nutshell! 🧩

1. Monolithic Architecture 🏰

- One Big Castle: Monoliths are like a majestic castle, where all components (database, server, user interface) are tightly knit into a single structure.

- Unified & Simple: Easy to develop and deploy due to its unified structure. Changes are made in one place, making coordination a breeze.

- Scaling Challenges: Scaling can be a challenge. When one aspect needs upgrading, the entire application must be scaled, even if only a small part requires more resources.

2. Microservices Architecture 🌐

- City of Specialized Buildings: Microservices resemble a bustling city, with each service as a specialized building handling a distinct function.

- Scalability & Flexibility: Offers scalability on a per-service basis. If one part of the application needs more resources, you can scale just that service.

- Increased Complexity: As the number of services grows, managing the communication between them can become complex. Decentralization brings its own set of challenges.

Computer Science and Programming

01 февраля 2024 13:12

🌐 Public vs Internal Load Balancers: Unveiling the Power of Balance! 🔄

Load balancing is the unsung hero of seamless digital experiences, and choosing between public and internal load balancers can be a game-changer. Let's dive into the key differences in a nutshell! 🚀

🌍 Public Load Balancers:
- Audience: Everyone, Everywhere!
- Designed to distribute incoming traffic across public-facing servers.
- Ideal for applications accessible over the internet, such as websites or APIs.
- Acts as the gateway, directing external requests to the right internal resources.

🏢 Internal Load Balancers:
- Keep it in the Family:
- Tailored for distributing traffic within a private network or data center.
- Perfect for applications serving internal users or specific services behind the scenes.
- Enhances security by keeping sensitive systems shielded from the public eye.

🤔 How to Choose?
- Public:
- Opt for when your services need to be accessible from the internet.
- Ideal for handling high volumes of external traffic.
- Best suited for public-facing applications like websites or APIs.

Computer Science and Programming

25 января 2024 21:08

Public Static Void Main(String[] args) Explained.

❤ public: An access modifier keyword that indicates the class (MainClass) is accessible from outside the package.

❤ class: A keyword used to declare a class in Java.
MainClass: The name of the class. It follows the naming conventions for classes in Java.

❤ { and }: Curly braces define a block of code. In this case, they enclose the body of the class.

❤ public: An access modifier keyword indicating that the main method can be called from outside the class.

❤ static: A keyword indicating that the main method belongs to the class itself rather than to an instance of the class.

❤ void: A keyword indicating that the main method does not return any value.

❤ main: The name of the method. It is the entry point for the Java program.

❤ (String[] args): The method parameter list. String[] args is an array of strings that can be used to pass command-line arguments to the program.

❤ System.out.println("Hello, World!");: A statement that prints the string "Hello, World!" to the console. System.out is an object representing the console output, and println is a method to print a line.

Computer Science and Programming

17 января 2024 18:19

6 Software ARCHITECTURAL PATTERNS

- Event Driven
- Layered
- Monolithic
- Microservice
- MVC
- Master Slave

Computer Science and Programming

11 января 2024 10:09

12 Most Common git Commands YOU MUST KNOW

- init
- clone
- status
- add
- commit
- push
- pull
- branch
- checkout / switch
- merge
- diff
- log

Computer Science and Programming

05 января 2024 11:07

GridFormer: Point-Grid Transformer for Surface Reconstruction

Paper:
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.02292.pdf

GitHub:
https://github.com/list17/GridFormer

🔗@computer_science_and_programming

Computer Science and Programming

30 декабря 2023 16:26

Top 4 Forms of Authentication Mechanisms

1. SSH Keys - Cryptographic keys are used to access remote systems and servers securely

2. OAuth Tokens - Tokens that provide limited access to user data on third-party applications

3. SSL Certificates - Digital certificates ensure secure and encrypted communication between servers and clients

4. Credentials - User authentication information is used to verify and grant access to various systems and services

Computer Science and Programming

24 декабря 2023 21:22

❗️Java vs. Python❗️

➡️ Python and Java are both popular and powerful programming languages, each with its own unique strengths. Python is known for its simplicity and readability, making it an excellent choice for beginners and rapid development. Its concise syntax allows developers to express concepts with fewer lines of code, promoting faster iteration and prototyping. Python's extensive library ecosystem empowers developers to access a wide range of pre-built tools for various tasks.

➡️ On the other hand, Java is recognized for its platform independence and robustness. It's a statically-typed language, which means errors can be caught at compile time, enhancing code reliability. Java's "write once, run anywhere" philosophy enables applications to run on different platforms without modification, thanks to the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). This also makes Java well-suited for building large-scale, performance-critical applications.

➡️ In summary, Python emphasizes simplicity, readability, and rapid development, while Java prioritizes platform independence, robustness, and performance. The choice between the two largely depends on the project's requirements and the developer's preferences.

Computer Science and Programming

18 декабря 2023 12:02

CI/CD example for API written in Java/Spring Boot.

👉 CI/CD stands for Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment. It is a software development process that involves automating the building, testing, and deployment of code changes.

🏭 The CI/CD pipeline can be thought of as a factory assembly line, where each step is automated to ensure the code is high quality and ready for deployment.

🛠 The pipeline starts with Continuous Integration, where code changes are automatically built, tested, and merged into a shared repository. This step helps catch errors early and ensures the code is stable and functioning correctly.

📦 Once the code has passed the integration tests, it moves on to Continuous Deployment. This step involves automatically packaging and deploying the code changes to a staging or production environment.

👀 Automated testing is performed at each stage of the pipeline to ensure that the code meets the required standards and that the new changes do not break any existing functionality.

🚀 The ultimate goal of a CI/CD pipeline is to speed up the software development process, reduce errors, and quickly deliver new features and improvements to users.

Computer Science and Programming

05 марта 2024 10:12

How Git Works - From Working Directory to Remote Repository

[1]. Working Directory:
Your project starts here. The working directory is where you actively make changes to your files.
[2]. Staging Area (Index):
After modifying files, use git add to stage changes. This prepares them for the next commit, acting as a checkpoint.
[3]. Local Repository:
Upon staging, execute git commit to record changes in the local repository. Commits create snapshots of your project at specific points.
[4]. Stash (Optional):
If needed, use git stash to temporarily save changes without committing. Useful when switching branches or performing other tasks.
[5]. Remote Repository:
The remote repository, hosted on platforms like GitHub, is a version of your project accessible to others. Use git push to send local commits and git pull to fetch remote changes.
[6]. Remote Branch Tracking:
Local branches can be set to track corresponding branches on the remote. This eases synchronization with git pull or git push.

Computer Science and Programming

01 марта 2024 19:02

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Computer Science and Programming

27 февраля 2024 11:19

18 Most common used Java List methods

1. add(E element) - Adds the specified element to the end of the list.
2. addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) - Adds all elements of the specified collection to the end of the list.
3. remove(Object o) - Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from the list.
4. remove(int index) - Removes the element at the specified position in the list.
5. get(int index) - Returns the element at the specified position in the list.
6. set(int index, E element) - Replaces the element at the specified position in the list with the specified element.
7. indexOf(Object o) - Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified element in the list.
8. contains(Object o) - Returns true if the list contains the specified element.
9. size() - Returns the number of elements in the list.
10. isEmpty() - Returns true if the list contains no elements.
11. clear() - Removes all elements from the list.
12. toArray() - Returns an array containing all the elements in the list.
13. subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) - Returns a view of the portion of the list between the specified fromIndex, inclusive, and toIndex, exclusive.
14. addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) - Inserts all elements of the specified collection into the list, starting at the specified position.
15. iterator() - Returns an iterator over the elements in the list.
16. sort(Comparator<? super E> c) - Sorts the elements of the list according to the specified comparator.
17. replaceAll(UnaryOperator<E> operator) - Replaces each element of the list with the result of applying the given operator.
18. forEach(Consumer<? super E> action) - Performs the given action for each element of the list until all elements have been processed or the action throws an exception.

Computer Science and Programming

23 февраля 2024 09:59

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Computer Science and Programming

20 февраля 2024 18:29

If you design complex systems, you'll love sequence diagrams

Complex system architectures can quickly become tangled and hard to follow. Enter sequence diagrams! They keep your design neat and easily understandable.

For example, check out the diagram below. It depicts a client/server interaction, clearly differentiating between a cache hit and a cache miss. This is a prime example of how visual aids simplify complex interactions.

Sequence diagrams are a must when you aim to:

- 🚀 Map out end-to-end system workflows.
- 🔍 Clarify interactions between components.
- 📚 Produce clear and concise documentation.
- 🔧 Identify design flaws.

I have two favorites for creating sequence diagrams. WebSequenceDiagrams and Mermaid (links in comment). You can make sequence diagrams easily with just text.

Do you have a go-to tool for crafting good-looking sequence diagrams? Drop your suggestions below! 👇

Computer Science and Programming

12 февраля 2024 15:14

Leveraging SAM for Single-Source Domain Generalization in Medical Image Segmentation

📄 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.02076.pdf

💻 https://github.com/SARIHUST/SAMMed

@computer_science_and_programming

Computer Science and Programming

05 февраля 2024 10:22

Ever wondered how your computer securely communicates with a remote server? 🤔

Let's dive into the magic behind SSH and unravel its secrets. 🔍💻

1. What is SSH? 🤷‍♂️
SSH, or Secure Shell, is a cryptographic network protocol that enables secure communication between two devices over an unsecured network. It's like a secure tunnel for your data! 🚇🔒

2. Key Players: Public and Private Keys 🗝
SSH uses a pair of cryptographic keys – a public key (shared with the world) and a private key (kept super-secret). 🤫 When you connect, these keys perform a digital handshake to ensure a secure connection. 🤝🔑

3. The Handshake Dance: Authentication 💃
The handshake involves your computer proving its identity using the private key, and the server verifying it using the corresponding public key. Think of it as a secret password exchange, but way cooler! 😎🕵️

4. Encryption Enchantment: Securing the Chat 🛡
Once the handshake is complete, SSH wraps your data in layers of encryption, ensuring that even if someone intercepts it, they'll find nothing but gibberish. 🤐📡

5. Port Perfection: Default Port 22 🚪
SSH communicates through port 22 by default. It's like the entrance to your secure data party! 🎉🚪 But beware, changing ports adds an extra layer of security. 🕵️‍♀️🔐

SSH is the superhero of secure communication, ensuring your data remains confidential, and the connection is trustworthy. 🦸‍♂️💼 Next time you SSH, remember the cryptographic dance happening in the background, making it all possible! 🕺🌐

Computer Science and Programming

29 января 2024 12:13

18 most used Linux commands YOU MUST KNOW

- ls
- mv
- ssh
- cd
- cat
- sudo
- pwd
- grep
- top
-mkdir
- find
- wget
- rm
- chmod
- tar
- cp
- chwon
- gzip

Computer Science and Programming

21 января 2024 11:32

Explore Human Parsing Modality for Action Recognition

📄 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.02138.pdf

💻 https://github.com/liujf69/EPP-Net-Action

Computer Science and Programming

14 января 2024 16:20

NoSQL vs SQL

NoSQL databases provide flexible data models ideal for diverse data structures and scalability.

1. Key-Value: Simple, uses key-value pairs (e.g., Redis).
2. Document: Stores data in JSON/BSON documents (e.g., MongoDB).
3. Graph: Manages complex relationships with nodes and edges (e.g., Neo4j).
4. Column Store: Optimized for analytics, organizes data by columns (e.g., Cassandra).

SQL databases, like RDBMS and OLAP, provide structured, relational storage for traditional and analytical needs

1. RDBMS: Traditional relational databases with tables (e.g., PostgreSQL & MySQL).
2. OLAP: Designed for complex analysis and multidimensional data (e.g., SQL Server Analysis Services).

Computer Science and Programming

08 января 2024 15:53

Instagram System Design Overview

- Clients (iOS, Android, Web).
- Microservices for varied functionalities.
- Databases: MySQL, Cassandra, Redis.
- Object storage (Amazon S3) & CDN for media.
- Caching with Memcached/Redis
- Scaling, load balancing, auto-scaling.
- Asynchronous processing with queues
- Secure authentication (OAuth), RBAC.
- Monitoring (Prometheus, Grafana) & analytics.
- Push notifications for real-time updates.

Computer Science and Programming

02 января 2024 12:12

Here’s description of 9 types of API testing:

➡️ 1. Unit Testing: Involves testing individual components or functions of an API in isolation to ensure they function correctly and produce the expected output.

➡️ 2. Functional Testing: Focuses on testing the overall functionality of the API, verifying that it performs as intended and produces accurate results.

➡️ 3. Integration Testing: Tests interactions between different components or services within an API to ensure they work together seamlessly and communicate effectively.

➡️ 4. Load Testing: Evaluates the API's performance under heavy load by simulating a large number of concurrent requests to identify potential bottlenecks and optimize resource usage.

➡️ 5. Security Testing: Aims to identify vulnerabilities in the API by testing for potential security risks, such as unauthorized access, data leakage, or injection attacks.

➡️ 6. Stress Testing: Pushes the API beyond its limits by applying extreme conditions, such as high traffic or limited resources, to determine how well it can handle such scenarios.

➡️ 7. Negative Testing: Involves deliberately sending invalid or incorrect inputs to the API to verify that it responds appropriately with error messages or other expected behaviors.

➡️ 8. Boundary Testing: Focuses on testing the limits of the API's inputs, such as minimum and maximum values, to ensure it handles these boundaries correctly.

➡️ 9. Usability Testing: Evaluates the user-friendliness of the API by assessing how easily developers can understand its documentation, endpoints, and responses, ultimately enhancing the developer experience.

Computer Science and Programming

27 декабря 2023 15:16

5 Principles of Object Oriented Design (SOLID)

Computer Science and Programming

21 декабря 2023 15:16

🌟 Why Clean Architecture?

✅ Maintainability: Changes in one layer won't lead to a domino effect of changes throughout the codebase. 🔄🚫

✅ Testability: Each layer is testable in isolation, making it easier to ensure your code works as expected. ✔️🧪

✅ Scalability: You can swap out components without disrupting the entire system. It grows with your project! 📈🔄

✅ Adaptability: Technology evolves, but your core business logic remains intact. Upgrades are smoother and less painful. ⚙️🔧

📚 Layers of Clean Architecture:

- Entity Layer: The core business logic lives here. It represents the heart of your application. ❤️🧠
- Use Case Layer: This layer holds application-specific use cases and business rules. It orchestrates interactions between entities and ensures they stay clean and focused. 🤝📋

- Interface Adapters: These adapters bridge the gap between the use cases and the external world, like user interfaces and databases. They keep things flexible and adaptable. 🌐🔌

- Frameworks & Drivers: The outermost layer deals with frameworks, tools, and external systems. It's where you connect to databases, APIs, and UI frameworks. 🖥🔗

Computer Science and Programming

15 декабря 2023 21:19

Top Programming Languages of All Times