Question Number Wise Analysis Of PYQs. Important For Prelims 2023
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👉🏻Site is about 18,500 to 20,000 years old and it can be related to the last glacial period
🌼“Such sand deposits are rare and have been reported only from three places in the tropical regions in south Asia such as Teri Sands in Tamil Nadu, Erra Matti Dibbalu in Visakhapatnam and one more site in Sri Lanka. They do not occur in equatorial regions or temperate regions
✅The uniqueness of this site is that the red sediments are a part of the continuation of the evolution of the earth and represent the late quaternary geologic age
👉🏻About 18,500 years ago, the sea (Bay of Bengal) was at least 5 km behind from the present coastline
👉🏻The site also has archaeological significance, as studies of artefacts indicate an Upper Palaeolithic horizon and on cross dating assigned to Late Pleistocene epoch, which is 20,000 BC
👉🏻Scientists from the university say that the site was home to the pre-historic man as the excavations at several places in the region revealed stone implements of three distinctive periods and also the pottery of the Neolithic man
✅Is right to Privacy absolute? = No
👉🏻Related to => Puttaswamy Judgement
🌕About:
👉🏻The right to privacy is protected as an intrinsic part of the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21 and as a part of the freedoms guaranteed by Part III of the Constitution
👉🏻The Puttaswamy judgement holds that the right to privacy is protected as a fundamental constitutional right under Articles 14, 19 and 21 of the Constitution of India
👉🏻The right may be restricted only by state action that passes each of the three tests:
🐝First, such state action must have a legislative mandate
🐝Second, it must be pursuing a legitimate state purpose
🐝Third, it must be proportionate i.e., such state action- both in its nature and extent, must be necessary in a democratic society and the action ought to be the least intrusive of the available alternatives to accomplish the ends
✅GS-3
🌕Economy
👉🏻What? = E-rupee
👉🏻Launched by = RBI
🙊Note: Can expect conceptual question from this topic in prelims
👉🏻CBDT? = Legal tender - digital form
👉🏻Same at = Fiat currency
👉🏻Exchangeable with fiat currency
👉🏻Bank account is not needed for it => So different from UPI
👉🏻Will appear as => Liability in RBI balance sheet (Currency in circulation)
👉🏻Classified as => Bearer instrument
👉🏻Denominations => Same as printed notes
👉🏻E-rupees will be distributed via => Banks via digital wallets
👉🏻Transactions => Both Person to person and person to merchant
👉🏻No limit of transactions, Tax on transactions of more than 2 Lakh
👉🏻2 types => Retail e-rupee + Wholesale e-rupee
👉🏻Retail for => Almost everyone
Wholesale for => Financial institutions
👉🏻Based on => Blockchain technology
✅White Paper Protests
👉🏻Cities across China have been witnessing waves of protests against the country’s tough zero-Covid policy in recent weeks
👉🏻The movement, which is no longer limited to China alone, is widely being dubbed the ‘white paper revolution’
👉🏻This is because of the blank sheets of white A4-sized paper many of the demonstrators have been seen holding during these protests
👉🏻Many of the protesters have been calling for the resignation of Chinese President Xi Jinping and the end of the Chinese Communist Party’s rule
✅Why the protests? =
👉🏻In November, at least 10 people were killed in a building fire in Urumqi, Xinjiang, which had been under lockdown for about 100 days
👉🏻People blamed China’s brutal lockdown for the deaths
👉🏻When a Chinese official appeared to blame the residents for the incident, protests first broke out in Xinjiang and then eventually spread to other regions
✅Crackdown on Donkey slaughter going on in Andhra Pradesh
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To know the Answer, see the Explanation video:
https://youtu.be/geh-3yHxYCw
✅GIB? =
🎯State bird of Rajasthan
🎯Considered India’s most critically endangered bird
🎯Considered the flagship grassland species, representing the health of the grassland ecology
🎯Its population is confined mostly to Rajasthan and Gujarat
🎯Small populations occur in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh
🎯Its population of about 150 in Rajasthan accounts for 95% of its total world population
⚠️Threats? =
🛑Collision/electrocution with power transmission lines
🛑Hunting (still prevalent in Pakistan)
🛑Habitat loss
🛑Alteration as a result of widespread agricultural expansion
👉🏻The Supreme Court on Wednesday expressed concern about the plight of thousands of women agricultural labourers in rural areas in relation with GM crops
👉🏻"In rural areas, women are experts in removing weeds. They are a part of the labour force in agriculture in India. It brings them employment… You know it is because women started agriculture that humankind stopped being nomads and we saw the sprouting of civilisations," Justice B.V. Nagarathna observed orally while hearing challenges against the environmental clearance given to genetically modified mustard by the government
👉🏻The widespread use of herbicide-tolerant crops would encourage farmers to spray chemical weed-killers, leaving toxic chemical residue in large amounts on the crops
👉🏻"The Supreme Court's own Technical Expert Committee [TEC] had said that these GM crops were not meant for agriculture in the Indian context. They may be suitable in the western context where there are large farms, but not here
👉🏻It is oldest Muslim organisation in India
👉🏻Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind or Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind is one of the leading organizations of Islamic scholars belonging to the Deobandi school of thought in India
👉🏻It was founded in November 1919 by a group of Muslim scholars including Abdul Bari Firangi Mahali, Kifayatullah Dehlawi, Muhammad Ibrahim Mir Sialkoti and Sanaullah Amritsari
👉🏻The Jamiat was an active participant in the Khilafat Movement in collaboration with the Indian National Congress
👉🏻It also opposed the partition of India, taking the position of composite nationalism: that Muslims and non-Muslims form one nation
👉🏻As a result, this organisation had a small break-away faction known as the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam, which decided to support the Pakistan movement
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✅City: Patna
🌕Points:
👉🏻It was once called the ‘Indian Florence’
👉🏻Located at the confluence of the Sone and Ganga rivers
👉🏻Originally founded by the Magadhan ruler Ajatshatru
👉🏻The Greek traveler Megasthenes who came as an ambassador to the court of the Mauryas, praised Pataliputra’s local self-government and the sense of honesty among locals
👉🏻It became the capital of the Nandas and later the Mauryas, the Guptas and the Palas
✅What is ransomware?
👉🏻Ransomware is a type of malicious software, used by cyber criminals, to infect a computer system by blocking access to the stored data by encrypting the files
👉🏻A ransom is then demanded from the owner in exchange for the decryption key
👉🏻Recently AIIMS computer systems were targeted, the malware might have been injected remotely by tricking the user into downloading it upon clicking an ostensibly safe web link sent via email or other means, including hacking
👉🏻It could spread throughout the network by exploiting existing vulnerabilities
👉🏻Ransomware attacks can also be accompanied by theft of sensitive data for other sinister motives
✅GS-3
🌕Economy
👉🏻India's GDP grew by 6.3% during the Q2
👉🏻Note: IE and various other papers are giving detailed editorial on this but no need to read now, whole trend can be analysed later when budget comes
✅MGNREGA
👉🏻Notice to => Telangana Govt.
👉🏻From? = Union Rural Dev. Ministry
👉🏻Why? = Asking to return 151.9 crore rs spent on construction of fish/grain drying platform
👉🏻Reason => These works are not permitted under MGNREGA
👉🏻Note: 265 type of works are permissible under MGNREGA, The Central team observed that the drying platforms were built under the name ‘construction of food grain storage building’, while no such building was found at the work site
👉🏻Section 27 empowers the Centre to give directions to the State for effective implementation of the Act
👉🏻Invoking Section 27 clause 2 of the Act, the Centre can stop funds for any violations
✅GS-1
🌕Geography, Anthro
👉🏻Scientists urge Andhra Pradesh govt. to protect glacial-period coastal red sand dunes of Vizag
👉🏻The Coastal red sand dunes, popularly known as ‘Erra Matti Dibbalu’ site is located along the coast and is about 20 km north-east of Visakhapatnam city and about 4 km south-west of Bheemunipatnam
👉🏻This site was declared as a geo-heritage site by the Geological Survey of India (GSI) in 2014 and the Andhra Pradesh government has listed it under the category of ‘protected sites’ in 2016
👉🏻Primarily this site needs to be protected to study the impact of climate change, as Erra Matti Dibbalu have seen both the glacial and the warm periods
✅GS-3
🌕Food security
👉🏻International year of Millets => 2023
👉🏻Declared by = UN
👉🏻Initiative of = India
👉🏻Aim => Global production, Processing and making millets to the food basket
👉🏻PDS => Will have millets targeted towards Pre school children and women
👉🏻Funding = By central govt.
✅Why millets? =>
⚡️Good amount of Micronutrients
⚡️Can grow in dry places
⚡️Use lesser water
⚡️Lesser Co2 emissions
👉🏻Main producing countries => Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, India
👉🏻Mainly produced => Ragi, Jowar, Bajara
✅IS leader Abu al-Hassan al-Hashemi al-Quraishi killed in US strike
👉🏻Where? = Syria
👉🏻Who? = Leader of ISIS
👉🏻Brother of => Abu Bkr al baghdadi
⚡️ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria), also known as ISIL (Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant), is a Sunni jihadist group with a particularly violent ideology that calls itself a caliphate and claims religious authority over all Muslims
⚡️It was inspired by al Qaida but later publicly expelled from it
✅GS-2
👉🏻International Organisations
👉🏻India assumes monthly presidency of UNSC
👉🏻India assumed the monthly rotating presidency of the UN Security Council (UNSC) on December 1
👉🏻India had earlier assumed UNSC presidency in August 2021
👉🏻Under India’s December presidency of UNSC, there are two signature events at the ministerial level, scheduled for December 14 (Reformed Multilateralism) and 15 (Counter-Terrorism). External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar will chair the events
👉🏻On December 14, India will hold a “high-level open debate” on “Maintenance of International Peace and Security: New Orientation for Reformed Multilateralism” at the Security Council
👉🏻New Orientation for Reformed Multilateralism (NORMS) envisages reforms in the current multilateral architecture, with the UN at its centre, to make it more representative and fit for purpose
🔰Protection Status? =
‼️International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List: Critically Endangered
‼️Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES): Appendix I
‼️Convention on Migratory Species (CMS): Appendix I
‼️Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule 1
🌈Measures taken to protect GIB? =
▪️Species Recovery Programme
▪️National Bustard Recovery Plans
▪️Conservation Breeding Facility
▪️Project Great Indian Bustard
▪️Eco-Friendly Measures
✅Project Great Indian Bustard
👉🏻The Supreme Court sought the government's response about evolving a 'Project Great Indian Bustard' conservation programme like the 'Project Tiger' to bring attention to the peril faced by the critically endangered bird species
👉🏻The court is hearing a series of petitions highlighting the numerous deaths of Great Indian Bustards due to power transmission lines crisscrossing their habitat in Gujarat and Rajasthan
👉🏻Note: In Rajasthan there is already a conservation project for the GIB but on national level it is absent
✅Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, and as president of China from 1993 to 2003
✅Jiang represented the "core of the third generation" of CCP leaders since 1989
✅Jiang consolidated his hold on power to become the "paramount leader" in the country during the 1990s
👉🏻Urged by Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in 1992, Jiang officially introduced the term "socialist market economy" in his speech during the 14th CCP National Congress held later that year, which accelerate "opening up and reform"
👉🏻Under Jiang's leadership, China experienced substantial economic growth with the continuation of market reforms, saw the return of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom in 1997 and Macau from Portugal in 1999
👉🏻His contributions to party doctrine, known as the "Three Represents", were written into the CCP constitution in 2002
Master the Subject strictly as per the need and demand of the CSE. No point of wasting time and energy in doing things utterly obsolete as per UPSC standards.
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👉🏻Chandragupta Maurya was born here, Asoka ruled from here, as did Chandragupta I, II and Samudragupta
👉🏻Much later, it was a place of prime importance for Aurangzeb who briefly named it Azimabad after his grandson Mohammed Azim
👉🏻It was revived under the Afghan king Sher Shah Suri when the city came to be christened as Patna
👉🏻Megasthenes in Indika had written that people in Pataliputra left their doors and gates unlocked
👉🏻Fa-Hien and Hiuen Tsang in the 4th and 7th century respectively, draw a picture of Pataliputra as being one among the very best cities in the world
👉🏻The universally respected Nalanda University was but a few kilometres from it
👉🏻Famous Chinese monk Hiuen Tsang spent six years here
👉🏻His account is probably the best memory of the rule of Harsha Vardhan in the first half of the 7th century
👉🏻Before Hiuen Tsang, there was Fa-Hien, another Chinese traveler who graced the city in the fourth century
👉🏻Fa-Hien wrote about it in A Record of Buddhist Kingdoms wherein he called Patna, ‘the city of flowers’ or 'Indian Florence”
👉🏻British traveler Ralph Fitch came to Patna in 1586 and described it as “’a very long and great Town with a flourishing trade in cotton, sugar and opium
✅What is (CERT-IN)
👉🏻Set up in 2004, the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) is the national nodal agency that collects, analyses and circulates inputs on cyber-attacks; issues guidelines, advisories for preventive measures, forecasts and issues alerts; and takes measures to handle any significant cyber security event
👉🏻It also imparts training to computer system managers
👉🏻The National Cyber Security Coordinator, under the National Security Council Secretariat, coordinates with different agencies at the national level on cybersecurity issues
👉🏻National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre has been set up for the protection of national critical information infrastructure
👉🏻 Cyber Swachhta Kendra (Botnet Cleaning and Malware Analysis Centre) has been launched for detection of malicious software programmes and to provide free tools to remove the same
👉🏻National Cyber Coordination Centre works on creating awareness about existing and potential threats
✅GS-3
🌕Environment
👉🏻News? = An eight-member team from Chinnakkanal that comes under the Munnar forest division, which has been instrumental in bringing down the incidents of man-animal conflict in the region, has won recognition for its efforts
👉🏻Taking note of its contributions in mitigating man-animal conflicts as well as in ensuring the protection of wild elephants over the past eight months, the Wildlife Trust of India has selected the team for its award this year
✅GS-1
🌕Social security
✅What? =
👉🏻United Nations Under-Secretary-General Usha Rao-Monari would distribute the `Jan Dhan’ account kits to waste segregation workers during her first visit to the country, on December 1
👉🏻The opening of the `Jan Dhan’ accounts has been facilitated through the UNDP’s plastic waste management programme
👉🏻The waste management promotes the collection, segregation, and recycling of all plastics to move towards a circular economy for the same. This is done at ‘Swachhta Kendra’ or material recovery facilities. The plastic collected and processed so far has already crossed 1,38,000 metric tonnes, the UNDP said
👉🏻Financial inclusion of `Safai Sathis’
The programme also ensures the well-being and financial inclusion of the `Safai Sathis’ or waste-pickers, by linking them to the social protection schemes
✅Army exercises
👉🏻18th Edition => Yudh Abhyas = India USA (Auli, Uttarakhand)
👉🏻Ex-Austra-Hind => Rajasthan
👉🏻Ex-Agni Warrior => Singapore-India => Deolali
👉🏻Ex-Harimau Shakti => Malaysia-India
👉🏻Ex-Garuna Shakti => Indonesia-India
👉🏻Ex-Kazhind => Kazakhstan (Mid december)
